Chivakwa Chako Chinogona Kuita Kuti Urware kana Kukuchengeta Wakanaka

Dr. Allen ndiye mutungamiri wechirongwa cheHealthy Buildings paHarvard TH Chan School of Public Health.

[Chinyorwa ichi chikamu chekuvandudza coronavirus yekuvhara, uye inogona kunge yakare.]

Muna 1974, mumwe musikana muduku ane gwirikwiti akaenda kuchikoro kumusoro kweNew York.Kunyange zvazvo 97 muzana yevaaidzidza navo vakanga vabayiwa nhomba, 28 vakaguma vabatwa nechirwere chacho.Vadzidzi vane hutachiona vakapararira mumakirasi gumi nemana, asi musikana mudiki, murwere we index, aipedza nguva ari mukirasi yake ega.Mupari wemhosva?Sisitimu yekufefetera inoshanda mukudzoreredza modhi iyo yakasveta muhutachiwana kubva mukirasi yake uye nekuaparadzira kutenderedza chikoro.

Zvivako, seuyu muenzaniso wenhoroondomapeji, anoshanda zvakanyanya mukuparadzira chirwere.

Kudzoka kunguva ino, humbowo hwepamusoro-soro hwesimba rezvivakwa rekuparadzira coronavirus kubva muchikepe chekufamba - chakanyanya chivakwa chinoyangarara.Pavanhu zviuru zvitatu kana kupfuura vafambi uye nhengo dzevashandi vari muchikepe cheDiamond Princess yakavharirwa,angangoita 700vanozivikanwa kunge vakabata coronavirus nyowani, huwandu hwehutachiona hwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura hwaive muWuhan, China, uko chirwere chakatanga kuwanikwa.

Izvi zvinorevei kune avo vedu vasiri mungarava dzinofamba nechikepe asi vakanyura muzvikoro, mahofisi kana zvivakwa zvefurati?Vamwe vangave vachinetseka kana vachifanira kutizira kumaruwa, sezvakamboitwa nevanhu munguva yakapfuura munguva dzedenda.Asi zvinozoitika kuti kunyangwe nzvimbo dzakaomarara dzemudhorobha dzichigona kubatsira kupararira kwehurwere hwehutachiona, zvivakwa zvinogona kuita sezvipingamupinyi pakusvibiswa.Iro zano rekutonga iro risiri kuwana kutariswa kwazvinokodzera.

Chikonzero ndechekuti pachine gakava pamusoro pekuti iyo coronavirus itsva inokonzera Covid-19 inopararira sei.Izvi zvakakonzera nzira yakamanikana yakatorwa nemubatanidzwa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention neWorld Health Organisation.Iko kukanganisa.

Nhungamiro dzazvinozvakavakirwa paumbowo hwekuti hutachiona hunotapuriranwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nemadonhwe ekufema - iwo makuru, dzimwe nguva anooneka madonhwe anodzingwa kana munhu akosora kana kuhotsira.Saka kurudziro yekuvhara kukosora kwako nekuhotsira, geza maoko ako, nzvimbo dzakachena uye kuchengetedza kushamwaridzana.

Asi vanhu pavanokosora kana kuhotsira, havangobudisi madonhwe makuru chete asiwo tunhu tudiki twemhepo tunonzi droplet nuclei, tunokwanisa kugara mudenga totakurwa tichitenderedza zvivakwa.

Ongororo yapfuura yemakoronavirus maviri achangoburwa yakaratidza kuti kutapurirana nendege kwanga kuchiitika.Izvi zvinotsigirwa nehumbowo hwekuti saiti yehutachiona yeimwe yeaya coronaviruses yaive iyorezasi rekufema turakiti, iyo inogona kukonzerwa chete nezvikamu zviduku zvinogona kufemerwa zvakadzika.

Izvi zvinotidzosera kuzvivako.Kana ikasabatwa zvakanaka, inogona kuparadzira zvirwere.Asi kana tikazvibata zvakanaka, tinogona kunyoresa zvikoro zvedu, mahofisi nedzimba dzedu muhondo iyi.

Hezvino zvatinofanira kunge tichiita.Chekutanga, kuunza mhepo yakawanda yekunze muzvivako zvine masisitimu ekudziya nemhepo (kana kuvhura mahwindo muzvivakwa zvisina) kunobatsira kuderedza zvinosvibisa zvinofambiswa nemhepo, zvichiita kuti utachiona huve hushoma.Kwemakore, tanga tichiita zvakapesana: kuvhara mahwindo edu uye kutenderedza mhepo.Mhedzisiro yacho zvikoro uye zvivako zvehofisi izvo zvinogara zvichipindwa nemhepo.Izvi hazvingope kukurudzira kutapurirana kwechirwere, kusanganisira zvikwapuro zvinowanzoitika senge norovirus kana furuwenza, asi zvakare zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya basa rekuziva.

Chidzidzo chakaburitswagore rakapera chetevakawana kuti kuve nechokwadi kunyangwe mwero wakaderera wekunze kwemhepo yekufefetera kunoderedza kutapurirana kwefuruwenza sekunge kuve ne50 muzana kusvika 60 muzana yevanhu vari muchivakwa vakabayiwa.

Zvivakwa zvinowanzodzoreredza imwe mhepo, iyo yakaratidza kuti inotungamira kune yakanyanya njodzi yekutapukirwa panguva yekuputika, sezvo mhepo yakasvibiswa mune imwe nzvimbo inotenderedzwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzechivako (sezvayakaita muchikoro negwirikwiti).Kana kuchitonhora zvakanyanya kana kupisa zvakanyanya, mhepo inobuda mumhepo mukirasi yechikoro kana muhofisi inogona kutenderedzwa zvachose.Ndiwo mabikirwo enjodzi.

Kana mweya uchifanirwa kutenderedzwa zvachose, unogona kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemuchinjiko nekusimudzira mwero wekusefa.Zvivakwa zvizhinji zvinoshandisa mafirita akaderera-giredhi anogona kutora asingasviki 20 muzana yehutachiwana.Zvipatara zvakawanda, zvakadaro, zvinoshandisa sefa ine inozivikanwa seaMERVchiyero che13 kana kupfuura.Uye nechikonzero chakanaka - vanogona kutora zvinopfuura 80 muzana zvehutachiona hwemhepo.

Zvezvivakwa zvisinamechanical ventilation systems,kana kana iwe uchida kuwedzera sisitimu yechivako chako munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru, zvinotakurika zvemhepo zvinonatsa zvinogonawo kushanda pakudzora kutenderera kwemhepo.Mazhinji emhando yepamusoro anotakurika ekuchenesa mweya anoshandisa HEPA mafirita, anotora 99.97 muzana yezvimedu.

Aya maitiro anotsigirwa nehumbowo hwesimba.Mubasa rechikwata changu richangoburwa, richangoendeswa kuti riongororwe nevezera, takaona kuti gwirikwiti, chirwere chinotapuriranwa nemhepo,kuderedzwa kwakakosha kwenjodzi kunogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera kufefetera uye kuwedzera mazinga ekusefa.(Measles inouya nechimwe chinhu chinoshanda zvirinani zvatisati tave nazvo kune iyi coronavirus - mushonga.)

Kune zvakare humbowo hwakakwana hwekuti mavhairasi anorarama zvirinani pane yakaderera humidity - chaizvo zvinoitika munguva yechando, kana muzhizha munzvimbo dzine air-conditioned.Mamwe masisitimu ekudziya uye ekufemesa mhepo akashongedzerwa kuchengetedza hunyoro munzvimbo yakakwana ye40 muzana kusvika 60 muzana, asi mazhinji haana.Muchiitiko ichocho, humidifiers inotakurika inogona kuwedzera hunyoro mumakamuri, kunyanya mumba.

Chekupedzisira, coronavirus inogona kupararira ichibva munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa - zvinhu zvakaita sezvibatiso zvegonhi uye countertops, mabhatani ekusimudza uye nharembozha.Kazhinji kuchenesa nzvimbo idzi dzepamusoro-soro dzinogona kubatsirawo.Kune yako imba uye yakaderera-ine njodzi nharaunda, yakasvibira yekuchenesa zvigadzirwa zvakanaka.(Zvipatara zvinoshandisa mishonga inouraya utachiona yakanyoreswa neEPA.) Kungava kumba, kuchikoro kana kuhofisi, zviri nani kuchenesa kakawanda uye zvakanyanya kana vanhu vane utachiona varipo.

Kudzikamisa kukonzeresa denda iri kunoda nzira yese.Nekusavimbika kwakakosha kwasara, tinofanira kunge tichikanda zvese zvatinazvo pachirwere ichi chinotapukira zvakanyanya.Izvi zvinoreva kusunungura chombo chakavanzika mu arsenal yedu - zvivakwa zvedu.

Joseph Allen (@j_g_allen) ndiye mutungamiriri weHutano Zvivakwa chirongwapaHarvard TH Chan Chikoro cheHutano Hwevanhu uye munyori we "Healthy Buildings:Mafambisirwo eNzvimbo Yemukati Inofambisa Kuita uye Kubudirira. "Kunyange zvazvo Dr. Allen akagamuchira mari yekutsvakurudza kuburikidza nemakambani akasiyana-siyana, nheyo uye mapoka asingabatsiri mumhizha yekuvaka, hapana aive nechokuita munyaya ino.