Njengoko amaqondo obushushu agqithiseleyo etshabalalisa iUnited States, iYurophu neAfrika, ebulala amawakawaka, izazinzulu zilumkisa ngelithi kuseza kubakho eyona imbi kakhulu.Njengoko amazwe eqhubeka nokumpompa iirhasi zegreenhouse emoyeni kunye nethuba lomthetho wotshintsho lwemozulu olunentsingiselo e-US, amaqondo obushushu ashushu kweli hlobo angabonakala ethambile kwiminyaka engama-30.
Kule veki, uninzi luyibonile impembelelo ebulalayo ubushushu obugqithisileyo obunokubakho kwilizwe elingakulungelanga amaqondo obushushu.E-UK, apho umoya womoya unqabile, izithuthi zikawonke wonke zivaliwe, izikolo kunye neeofisi zivaliwe, kwaye izibhedlele zirhoxisiwe iinkqubo ezingezizo ezongxamiseko.
I-air conditioning, ubugcisa abaninzi ababuthatha njengento engenamsebenzi kumazwe afumileyo, sisixhobo esisindisa ubomi ngexesha lobushushu obugqithiseleyo.Nangona kunjalo, kuphela malunga ne-8% yabantu abazibhiliyoni ezi-2.8 abahlala kwezona ndawo zishushu - kwaye zihlala zihlupheka -- iindawo zehlabathi ngoku ezine-AC emakhayeni abo.
Kwiphepha lamva nje, iqela labaphandi abavela kwiProjekthi ye-Harvard China, ehlala kwi-Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), imodeli yemfuno yexesha elizayo ye-air conditioning njengeentsuku ezinobushushu obugqithisileyo kwihlabathi.Iqela lifumene i-gap enkulu phakathi kwamandla e-AC yangoku kunye noko kuya kufuneka ngo-2050 ukusindisa ubomi, ngakumbi kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye namazwe asakhulayo.
Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba, kwi-avareji, ubuncinci i-70% yabemi kumazwe aliqela baya kufuna umoya womoya ngo-2050 ukuba izinga lokukhutshwayo liyaqhubeka nokunyuka, kunye nelo nani liphezulu kumazwe e-ikhweyitha afana ne-Indiya ne-Indonesia.Nokuba ihlabathi liyafikelela kwimiqobo yokukhupha izinto ebekwe kwiParis Climate Accords - elingekho endleleni yokuyenza - umyinge wama-40% ukuya kuma-50% wabemi kumazwe amaninzi ashushu ehlabathini usafuna i-AC.
"Nokuba zithini na iindlela zokukhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo, kufuneka kubekho unyuso olukhulu lwemeko yomoya okanye ezinye iindlela zokupholisa indawo kwiibhiliyoni zabantu ukuze bangabi phantsi kobu bushushu bugqithisileyo kubo bonke ubomi babo," utshilo uPeter Sherman. , umntu ongumfundi we-postdoctoral kwiProjekthi yaseHarvard China kunye nombhali wokuqala wephepha lamva nje.
USherman, ekunye nogxa wakhe emva kogqirha uHaiyang Lin, kunye noMichael McElroy, uGilbert Butler uNjingalwazi wezeNzululwazi ngokusiNgqongileyo eSEAS, bajonge ngokukodwa kwiintsuku apho indibaniselwano yobushushu kunye nokufuma, okulinganiswa ngento ebizwa ngokuba yi-busy-bulb yebhalbhu, inokubulala kwanabancinci. , abantu abasempilweni kwisithuba nje seeyure.Ezi ziganeko zigqithisileyo zingenzeka xa amaqondo obushushu ephakame ngokwaneleyo okanye xa ukufuma kuphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuthintela ukubila ekupholiseni umzimba.
“Ngelixa sasigxile kwiintsuku apho iqondo lobushushu elenziwe lula lebhalbhu emanzi ligqithise umda ongaphaya komqobo apho amaqondo obushushu abeka esichengeni kubomi babantu abaninzi, amaqondo obushushu ebhalbhu emanzi angaphantsi kwalo mqobo asenokungonwabanga kwaye abe yingozi ngokwaneleyo ukuba afune i-AC, ngakumbi kubantu abasesichengeni. ,” utshilo uSherman."Ke, oku kunokuba kujongelwa phantsi ukuba ingakanani i-AC abantu abaya kuyidinga kwixesha elizayo."
Iqela lijonge amakamva amabini - elinye apho ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kwanda kakhulu ukusuka kumndilili wanamhlanje kunye nekamva eliphakathi kwendlela apho ukukhutshwa kuncitshiswa umva kodwa kunganqunyulwa ngokupheleleyo.
Kwixesha elizayo lokukhutshwa okuphezulu, iqela lophando liqikelele ukuba i-99% yabemi basezidolophini eIndiya nase-Indonesia baya kufuna umoya womoya.EJamani, ilizwe elinemozulu epholileyo ngokwembali, abaphandi baqikelela ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-92% yabemi baya kufuna i-AC kwiziganeko zobushushu obugqithisileyo.E-US, malunga ne-96% yabemi baya kufuna i-AC.
Amazwe anengeniso ephezulu njenge-US alungiselelwe ngcono nakwikamva elibi.Okwangoku, i-90% yabemi base-US banokufikelela kwi-AC, xa kuthelekiswa ne-9% e-Indonesia kunye ne-5% kuphela e-Indiya.
Nokuba izinto ezikhutshwayo zincitshisiwe, i-Indiya kunye ne-Indonesia kusaza kufuneka zifake umoya womoya kwi-92% kunye ne-96% yabantu bazo basezidolophini, ngokulandelelanayo.
I-AC eninzi iya kufuna amandla amaninzi.Amaza obushushu obugqithisileyo sele ecinezela iigridi zombane kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ukwanda kwemfuno ye-AC kunokutyhala iinkqubo zangoku ziye kwinqanaba lokuqhawuka.E-US, umzekelo, umoya wokupholisa umoya sele ubalela ngaphezulu kwe-70% yencopho yemfuno yombane kwindawo yokuhlala ngeentsuku ezishushu kakhulu kwamanye amazwe.
“Ukuba unyusa imfuno ye-AC, oko kunempembelelo enkulu nakwigridi yombane,” utshilo uSherman."Ibeka uxinzelelo kwigridi kuba wonke umntu uza kusebenzisa i-AC ngaxeshanye, echaphazela imfuneko yombane."
“Xa ucwangcisela iinkqubo zamandla zexesha elizayo, kucacile ukuba awunakusuka nje unyuse imfuno yale mihla, ngakumbi kumazwe afana ne-Indiya ne-Indonesia,” utshilo uMcElroy."Iitekhnoloji ezinje ngombane welanga zinokuba luncedo ngakumbi ekujonganeni nale mingeni, njengoko ijika lokubonelela elihambelanayo kufuneka linxibelelane kakuhle nala maxesha afunwayo ehlotyeni."
Ezinye izicwangciso zokumodareyitha imfuno yombane eyandisiweyo ziquka izinto zokususa amanzi, ezisebenzisa amandla angaphantsi kakhulu kunomoya womoya.Nokuba sithini na isisombululo, kucacile ukuba ubushushu obugqithisileyo ayingomcimbi nje wezizukulwana ezizayo.
“Le yingxaki okwangoku,” utshilo uSherman.
I-Holtop ngumvelisi ohamba phambili e-China okhethekileyo kwimveliso yomoya ukuya kwizixhobo zokubuyisela ubushushu.Inikezelwe kuphando kunye nophuhliso lobuchwephesha kwintsimi yokuvuselela ubushushu kunye nezixhobo zokuphatha umoya zokulondoloza amandla ukususela ngo-2002. Iimveliso eziphambili ziquka i-ventilator yokubuyisela amandla i-ERV / HRV, i-air exchanger heat, i-air handling unit AHU, inkqubo yokucoca umoya.Ngaphandle koko, iqela lesisombululo seprojekthi yeHoltop linokubonelela ngezisombululo ezilungiselelwe i-hvac kushishino olwahlukileyo.
Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe, nceda undwendwele:https://www.seas.harvard.edu
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-07-2022