Ingabe i-India ingaba yindlu yesibili ye-AC Powerhouse ngemuva kweChina?- Ukwandiswa Kwekilasi Eliphakathi Kuphethe Ukhiye
I-India nayo iheha ukunakwa njengesizinda sokukhiqiza sama-air conditioner, asekelwa amanani entengo aphezulu kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuvikela ezilawula ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya.Uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka luyaqiniswa, futhi abakhiqizi abaningi baqala ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kwama-compressor, izingxenye eziyinhloko zama-air conditioners.Isibonelo, i-Guangdong Meizhi Compressor (GMCC) kanye ne-Daikin bahlela ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya, futhi i-Highly izophinde yakha isitshalo ngokuhlanganyela noVoltas, umkhiqizi wendawo we-air conditioner.
Kanjalo, imakethe ye-air conditioner yaseNdiya ibilokhu idonsa ukunakwa okwengeziwe muva nje, kodwa yaqala ukuheha ukunakwa kwabakhiqizi njengemakethe ekhulayo ethembisayo eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-20 edlule.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abakhiqizi baseJapane, e-US, eNingizimu Korea, eYurophu naseShayina bebelokhu begxile ekuthuthukiseni imakethe yaseNdiya.
Kodwa-ke, yize i-India bekulindeleke ukuthi ibe ngeyesibili ngobukhulu imakethe yama-air conditioner ngemuva kweChina, imakethe yaseNdiya empeleni ayikakhuli njengoba bekulindelekile.Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 1, imakethe ye-air conditioner yaseShayina ifinyelele ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kusukela ngo-2000, kuyilapho imakethe yaseNdiya ibone umkhuba okhulayo, kodwa izinga lokukhula liye lahlala lilinganiselwe.Njengoba sinesibalo sabantu sesibili ngobukhulu ngemuva kweChina nezifunda eziningi ezishisayo, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi imakethe yama-air conditioner yase-India ingakhula ibe sezingeni elifanayo nelaseShayina.Kodwa kungani ibilokhu ikhula ngokusesilinganisweni?Ephendula lo mbuzo, i-JARN ibheke izincazelo ezimbalwa.
Isizathu esikhulu esenza isidingo se-Indian air conditioner singakhule kakhulu sithathwa njengesihlobene nokukhula okuhamba kancane kunokulindelekile kwesigaba esimaphakathi.Isigaba esimaphakathi sinamandla okuthenga azinzile futhi kufanele kube yiqembu eliyinhloko lokuthenga isifudumezi-moya.Ngokwe-World Economic Outlook ka-Okthoba 2021 evela ku-International Monetary Fund (IMF), isamba sangempela somkhiqizo wasekhaya wase-India (GDP) ngo-2021 sasingu-9.5, okungenye yamazinga okukhula aphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa ukungalingani kwezomnotho kubanzi.Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 2, ingxenye yabantu abadala abanempahla engaphansi kuka-US$ 10,000 ibe phezulu kakhulu e-India, ibalwa ngaphezu kuka-90% kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2018, ngokusho kwe-Global Wealth Databook 2021 evela ku-Crédit Suisse.Yize isilinganiso besilokhu sehla kusukela ngo-2019, sisadlula ama-77% ngo-2020. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona nesigaba esicebile esinempahla engaphezu kuka-US$ 100,000, njengalabo ababambe iqhaza embonini yobuchwepheshe bolwazi (IT) ukushayela umnotho waseNdiya kanye nokwenza imali enkulu ngonyaka.
Imbangela enkulu yalokhu kuhlukana kwempahla kuthiwa uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwabantu ngokwezigaba, oseluvinjelwe ngokomthetho kodwa lusaqhubeka.E-India, kunzima ukuthi iqembu labantu abahola kancane lingene emsebenzini ohola kakhulu ngoba isibongo sikhomba isimo sangaphambili, futhi kunzima ukuphuma ebuphofini.Lokho kuholele ekutheni kube nesigaba esiphakathi esimile.Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okudalwe yisigaba esiphakathi, isidingo sezimpahla zabathengi ezihlala isikhathi eside njengama-air conditioner ngeke kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke.Amanani e-air conditioner nawo ayakhuphuka ngoba uhulumeni wase-India ukhuphule amanani entengo kuma-air conditioner kanye nezingxenye zawo ezifana nama-compressor kumongo wenqubomgomo yokuvikela izimboni zasekhaya.Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-air conditioner asephenduke imikhiqizo yokunethezeka engafinyeleleki eqenjini labantu abahola kancane, okungesinye sezizathu ezenza izinga lokungena kwe-air conditioner liphuze ukunyuka.
Ngaleso sikhathi, abakhiqizi babhekene nesithiyo esikhulu: okungukuthi, ubunzima ekuthuthukiseni kahle ibhizinisi le-air conditioner eNdiya.Ngokuqondile, i-India inendawo enkulu yomhlaba kanye nezici zesimo sezulu ezihlukile esifundeni ngasinye, ngakho-ke abakhiqizi kumele babe namamodeli ahlukene e-air conditioner afanele isifunda ngasinye.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi kumele babhekane nezinqubo zomthetho eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlobene nemithetho ehlukene ezifundazweni ezahlukene, okuthatha isikhathi, futhi ukugeleza kusuka ekukhiqizeni kuya ekuthengisweni nasekulethweni akuhambi kahle.
Esinye isithiyo esikhulu kubakhiqizi amanani entengo aphezulu.Izindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwasekhaya nazo ziye zenyuka kancane kancane, okuwumthwalo osindayo kubakhiqizi abangena emakethe.Ekuqaleni, amanani entengo ayenyusiwe ukuze kusheshiswe ukuhehwa kwezimali zakwamanye amazwe, kodwa abatshalizimali abaningi baphesheya kwezilwandle bayangabaza ukunwebela eNdiya uma bengakwazi ukulindela imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali.Njengoba kunikezwe iqiniso lokuthi iBrazil, eyayihlele ukuheha ukukhiqizwa kwendawo yomoya ngaphansi kwezindleko eziphakanyisiwe, ayikaboni imiphumela ebalulekile, kunokukhathazeka ukuthi i-India ingalandela indlela efanayo.
Noma kunjalo, uma kubhekwa inani elikhulu labantu eligxile ezizukulwaneni ezincane kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo ngokuvamile, i-India inamandla amakhulu okufunwa kwesimo somoya.Sekuyisikhathi eside, i-India ibona amanani entengo e-air conditioner ehla, ngenxa yentengo ephansi yemikhiqizo ehlanganiswe endaweni enezingxenye ezingenisiwe ezisetshenziswa abakhiqizi bendawo.Ngabakhiqizi bakwamanye amazwe abafana nabadlali baseJapan abebebambe iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwasekhaya, kuzokwakhiwa imakethe enempilo kancane kancane, ngokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yama-airconditioner, kuqiniswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kanye nezintengo zokudayisa ezithuthukisiwe.Ngokuzayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ama-air conditioner ahlukile e-India azodalwa ngokuhlanganisa isofthiwe esekwe ku-IT, i-India esebenza kahle kuyo, ku-hardware.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kukhuthazwe isidingo sasekhaya sama-air conditioner, kubalulekile ukwandisa isigaba esiphakathi.Uma umnotho waseNdiya uba ngcono ngokomthethosisekelo kanye nesigaba esimaphakathi sanda, ukusetshenziswa kwama-air conditioner athuthukisa indawo yokuhlala kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule.Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi luselude ukhalo okufanele luhanjwe ngaphambi kokuba i-India ikhule ibe yindlu yamandla ye-air conditioning elandela ezinyathelweni zaseShayina, ngokukhula ngokushesha kwesidingo.
Ukuthengiswa Kwephampu Yokushisa Kukhuphuka e-Finland
Ukuthengiswa kwamaphampu okushisa kukhuphuke ngekota yokuqala ka-2022 e-Finland.Ngokwezibalo ze-SULPU, i-Finnish Heat Pump Association, ukuthengiswa kwamaphampu okushisa emoyeni ukuya emoyeni (ATA) kukhule ngamaphesenti angu-120, amaphampu okushisa emoyeni ukuya emanzini (ATW) anyuke ngo-40%, kanti umthombo ophansi. amaphampu okushisa (GSHPs) ngo-35%.Ivolumu yokuthengisa yamaphampu okushisa okukhipha umoya wezindlu zomndeni owodwa ahlalanga angashintshile.Cishe amaphampu okushisa angu-30,000 athengiswe ngekota yokuqala ka-2022. Isamba esiphelele senyuke ngo-90% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.Lokhu kukhula kuphendukele kumaphampu asebenza kahle kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ukwanda kokuthengiswayo bekuphezulu kakhulu ngokwenani.
Izizathu zalokhu kwenyuka okukhulu zihlanganisa uxhaso lokushintshwa kwamabhayela kawoyela kanye nokwenza ngcono ukonga kwawo kwamandla, kanye nokukhuphuka kwamanani kagesi.Inzuzo yamaphampu okushisa yaba ngcono nakakhulu.Amaphampu angaphezu kwesigidi asevele efakiwe, futhi abakwaFinns sebejwayelene kakhulu nobuchwepheshe bephampu yokushisa, osekuzuze idumela lokwethembeka.Impi yaseRussia ngokumelene ne-Ukraine nayo yaphakamisa isidingo samaphampu okushisa.AbaseFinland bafuna ezinye izindlela zokushisisa izindlu zabo - izindlela ezisekelwe emandleni azikhiqizela wona.
Ukushoda okukhulu kwezingxenye nemishini kanye nokushoda kwedizayini, amabhizinisi, nezinsiza zokufaka kubangele inselelo enkulu emkhakheni wephampu yokushisa.Izikhathi zokulethwa kwemithombo yamandla zingafika ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, futhi ukusilela emuva kwezimvume ezihlinzekwa omasipala namadolobhana kuphazamisa ukuthengiswa nokufakwa kwamaphrojekthi ashisa phansi ikakhulukazi.
Izibalo zamanje zokuthengisa ezihlaba umxhwele zingaba phezulu nakakhulu uma amaphampu okushisa nezinsiza bezikwazi ukuhambisana nesidingo.
Abakhiqizi BaseShayina Bashintshela Ukugxila Kuma-AC Amaphakathi
Esimweni sezimpi zamanani eziqinile eziqhubekayo engxenyeni ye-air conditioner (i-RAC), abakhiqizi baseShayina bakuthola kunzima ukwenza inzuzo kule ngxenye futhi baphendukela engxenyeni emaphakathi ye-air conditioner njengendawo entsha yokuthuthukiswa enenzuzo.E-China, ingxenye ye-air conditioner emaphakathi ihlanganisa amasistimu ahlangene, amasistimu e-variable refrigerant flow (VRF) kanye nama-chiller.
Ngokwemininingwane evela ku-aircon.com, imakethe yama-air conditioner yaseShayina yafinyelela izinga eliphezulu lokuthengisa elisha ngo-2021 ngokukhula okungaphezu kuka-25% unyaka nonyaka, ngemva kokuthengisa okungaphezu kuka-RMB 100 billion (cishe amabhiliyoni ayi-15) iminyaka emine ilandelana.Ukukhula okusheshayo okunjalo kuyakhanga kubakhiqizi abaningi be-air conditioner abebezabalaza ukwenza inzuzo.
Enye yezingxenye ezikhulayo zama-air conditioner amaphakathi ngo-2021 kwakuyingxenye yokulungiswa kwekhaya ebuye yabuya emthelela omubi wezinqubomgomo zokulawulwa kwezindlu ezithengiswayo eminyakeni edlule.Enye into bekungamaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda ngokukhula kwezimali kuzwelonke ngesikhathi sodlame.Ikakhulukazi, kwanda ukwakhiwa kwezikole, izibhedlela, nezikhungo.Amaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela nawo akhule ngaphezu kwama-25% ngo-2021, ngenxa yokwanda kwemiklamo yengqalasizinda ehlobene nolwazi kanye nezimoto ezintsha zamandla.Kuzoba nokwakhiwa okwengeziwe kweziteshi eziyisisekelo zesizukulwane sesihlanu (5G), izikhungo zedatha, amapaki ezimboni anobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) kanye nobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi, njll., ngaphansi kwe-Chinese Information Super Highway Plan, isikhathi esingaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi.
Emikhiqizweni emaphakathi ye-air conditioning, ama-VRF kanye nama-centrifugal chillers aqhubekisele phambili imakethe ngezinga lokukhula elingaphezu kwesilinganiso, kuyilapho ukukhula kwama-screw chillers apholile ngamanzi kanye nezinhlelo ezihlangene kwahlala kuphansi.Ukuthengiswa kwe-VRF kwakhushulwa yisidingo samaphrojekthi wezindlu ezithengiswayo nokulungiswa kabusha kwezindlu, kuyilapho ukuthengiswa kwama-centrifugal chiller nama-modular chiller kwakuqhutshwa amaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-aircon.com, izinkampani ezihamba phambili zesimo somoya eChina zihlanganisa iGree, Midea, Daikin, Hitachi, Haier, Toshiba, McQuay, YORK, TICA, Hisense, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries-Haier, Shenling, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems ( I-MHI Thermal Systems), Isithwali, kanye ne-Trane.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bephampu yokushisa bangena engxenyeni emaphakathi ye-airto-water ngo-2021 enamaphampu okushisa e-airto-water (ATW), amasistimu ahlangene, ama-VRF, nama-modular chiller.
Ngokuhloswe ngenzuzo ephezulu, abakhiqizi abaningi be-air conditioner e-China bakhulise utshalomali lwabo futhi banweba umthamo wabo wokukhiqiza ophakathi nendawo ngo-2021 nango-2022.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, sicela uvakashele:https://www.ejarn.com/index.php
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-18-2022