Lefu le matla le matla la ho hema le tsejoang ka hore ke lefu la COVID-19 - ka lebaka la vaerase ea SARS-CoV-2 - le tsebahala hore le hasana ka marotholi a ho hema le batho ba haufi. [1]Moroalo oa COVID-19 o ne o le matla haholo Lombardy le Po Valley (Leboea la Italy), [2] sebaka se nang le likarolo tse ngata tsa likaroloana, tse seng li tsebahala ka ho hlahisa litlamorao tse mpe bophelong ba batho.[3]Lipalo tsa libaka tse fumanehang bakeng sa Italy ka letsatsi la la 12 Mmesa li bonts'a hore hoo e ka bang 30% ea batho ba nang le tšepo hajoale ba ntse ba lula Lombardy (hoo e ka bang 40% ha ho nahanoa ka linyeoe tse netefalitsoeng ho tloha qalong ea seoa sena), e lateloe ke Emilia Romagna (13.5%). , Piedmont (10.5%), le Veneto (10%).[2]Libaka tsena tse 'ne tsa Po Valley li etsa 80% ea batho bohle ba shoang Italy le 65% ea batho ba amoheloang Lefapheng la Tlhokomelo e Hlōlehileng.[2]
Patlisiso e entsoeng ke Harvard School of Public Health e bonahala e tiisa kamano lipakeng tsa keketseho ea maikutlo a PM le sekhahla sa batho ba shoang ka lebaka la COVID-19 US[4] Lipuisanong tse fetileng, re hakantse monyetla oa hore SARS-CoV-2 kokoana-hloko e ka ba teng ka taba e itseng (PM) nakong ea ho ata ha tšoaetso, [5,6] ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng le bopaki bo seng bo ntse bo le teng.
e fumaneha bakeng sa likokoana-hloko tse ling.[7-15] Leha ho le joalo, taba ea airborne PM-associated microbiome, haholo-holo libakeng tsa litoropo, e ntse e sa hlahlojoe, [16] 'me - hajoale - ha ho motho ea ntseng a etsa lithuto tsa liteko ka ho khetheha. ho netefatsa kapa ho behella ka thoko boteng ba SARS-CoV-2 ho PM.
Mona, re fana ka liphetho tsa pele tsa litlhahlobo tseo re li entseng ho 34 PM10 lisampole tsa kantle / sefofane PM10 ho tsoa sebakeng sa indasteri sa Porofense ea Bergamo, e bokelletsoeng ka lisampole tse peli tse fapaneng tsa moea nakong ea libeke tse 3 tse tsoelang pele, ho tloha ka la 21 Hlakubele ho fihlela Hlakubele. Ea bo13.
Ho latela mokhoa o hlalositsoeng ke Pan et al.ka 2019 (bakeng sa pokello, boholo ba likaroloana le ho lemoha livaerase tse tsamaisoang ke moea), [17] lisampole tsa PM li ile tsa bokelloa lifileng tsa quartz fiber ka ho sebelisa sampole ea moea e tlase ea gravimetric (38.3 l/min bakeng sa 23 h), e tsamaellanang le mokhoa oa referense EN12341 :2014 bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea PM10.Lintho tse itseng li ile tsa qabelloa holim'a lihloela tse nang le 99.9% e tloaelehilengpoloko ea aerosol, e bolokiloeng hantle le ho isoa laboratoring ea Applied and Comparative Genomics ea Univesithi ea Trieste.Ka lebaka la "tikoloho" ea mofuta oa sampole, eo ho nahanoang hore e ruile ka inhibitors ea DNA polymerase, re ile ra tsoela pele ka ho ntšoa ha RNA ka ho sebelisa Quick RNA fecal mobu microbe kit e ikamahanyang le mofuta oa li-filters.[18]Half filter e ne e phuthoa, 'me lehlakore le ka holimo le shebile ka hare;ka har'a tube ea polypropylene ea 5 ml, hammoho le lifaha tse fanoeng ka har'a khiti.Ho tloha ho 1 ml ea pele ea lysisbuffer, re khonne ho fumana tharollo ea 400 ul, e ileng ea sebetsoa joalo ka ha e hlalosoa ke liprothokholo tse tloaelehileng, e leng se ileng sa fella ka tlhaloso ea ho qetela ea 15 ul.Kamora moo, 5 ul e ile ea sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea SARS-CoV-2.Ha ho nahanoa ka tšimoloho e itseng ea sampole, ho ile ha sebelisoa qScript XLT 1-Step RT-qPCR ToughMix.[19]Litsamaiso tsa amplification e ne e le tsa protocol e ntlafalitsoeng ke Corman et al, e hatisitsoeng webosaeteng ea WHO [20].
Teko e ne e reretsoe ka ho hlaka ho netefatsa kapa ho behella ka thoko boteng ba SARS-CoV-2 RNA mabapi le taba e itseng.Tlhahlobo ea pele e sebelisitse "E gene" e le letšoao la limolek'hule 'me ea hlahisa sephetho se tsotehang se setle ho li-filters tse 15 ho tse 16 esita le haeba, joalokaha re ne re ka lebella, Ct e ne e le pakeng tsa 36-38 cycles.
Kamora moo, re phethile tlhahlobo ea li-filters tse 6 tse ntle (tse seng li le ntle ho "E gene") ka ho sebelisa "RtDR gene" joalo ka lets'oao la limolek'hule - e totobetseng haholo bakeng sa SARS-CoV-2 - ho fihlela liphetho tse 5 tsa bohlokoa. ea positivity;liteko tsa ho laola ho qhelela positivity bohata ba ile ba boela ka katleho etsoa (sa feiga. 1).
Ho qoba ho felloa ke matla a lisampole tse fumanehang, li-RNA tse setseng tse ntšitsoeng li ile tsa isoa Sepetleleng sa Univesithi sa lehae (se seng sa litsi tsa bongaka tse lumelletsoeng ke Mmuso oa Italy bakeng sa liteko tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu a SARS-CoV-2), molemong oa ho etsa motsotsoana. teko ea bofofu e ts'oanang.Laboratori ena ea bobeli ea kliniki e ile ea hlahloba li-extracts tsa 34 tsa RNA bakeng sa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa E, N le RdRP, e tlaleha liphello tse ntle tsa 7 bakeng sa bonyane e 'ngoe ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse tharo, tse nang le positivity e tiisitsoeng ka thoko bakeng sa matšoao 'ohle a mararo (setšoantšo sa 2).Ka lebaka la mofuta oa sampole, le ho nahana hore sampole ha e so etsoa molemong oa tlhahlobo ea bongaka empa e etselitsoe liteko tsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho (ho nahanoa hape hore li-filters li bolokiloe bonyane libeke tse 'ne pele li hlahlojoa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa molek'hule.ka lebaka la ho koaloa ha Italy), re ka tiisa hore re bonts'itse boteng ba SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA ka ho lemoha "RtDR gene" e hlakileng haholo litsing tse 8.Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la khaello ea lisebelisuoa tse ling tse tsoang ho li-filters, ha rea ka ra khona ho pheta liteko tse lekaneng ho bonts'a positivity bakeng sa matšoao a 3 a molek'hule ka nako e le 'ngoe.
Ona ke bopaki ba pele ba hore SARS-CoV-2 RNA e ka ba teng mabapi le taba ea kantle, ka hona e fana ka maikutlo a hore, maemong a botsitso ba sepakapaka le maemo a phahameng a PM, SARS-CoV-2 e ka theha lihlopha tse nang le PM kantle le - ka ho fokotsa coefficient ea tsona ea ho hasana - ho matlafatsa phehello ea kokoana-hloko sepakapakeng.Litiiso tse ling tsa selelekela senabopaki bo ntse bo tsoela pele, 'me bo lokela ho kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea nako ea nnete mabapi le matla a SARS-CoV-2 hammoho le ts'oaetso ea eona ha e phatlalatsoa ka taba e itseng.Hajoale, ha ho na menahano e ka etsoang mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa boteng ba vaerase ho PM le tsoelopele ea seoa sa COVID-19.Litaba tse ling tse lokelang ho rarolloa ka kotloloho ke likhakanyo tse tloaelehileng tsa PM qetellonge hlokahalang bakeng sa "phello e matlafatsang" ea tšoaetso (haeba ho netefatsoa hore PM e ka sebetsa e le "mojari" bakeng sa nuclei ea kokoana-hloko ea kokoana-hloko), kapa esita le monyetla oa khopolo-taba oa ho entoa ka lebaka la ho pepeseha ha tekanyo e fokolang menyakong e tlase ea PM. .
Setšoantšo sa 1 Amplification curves ea E (A) le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa RdRP (B): mela e tala e emela li-filters tse lekiloeng;sefapano melae emela li-extracts tsa litšupiso;mela e khubelu e emela ho holisoa ha lisampole tse ntle.
Setšoantšo sa 2.Liphetho tse ntle (tse tšoailoeng ka X) bakeng sa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa E, N le RdRP tse fumanoeng bakeng sa sampole eohle ea 34 PM10li-filters tse lekiloeng litlhahlobong tsa bobeli tse bapileng.
Leonardo Setti1, Fabrizio Passarini2, Gianluigi De Gennaro3, Pierluigi Barbieri4, Maria Grazia Perrone5, Massimo Borelli6, Jolanda Palmisani3, Alessia Di Gilio3, Valentina Torboli6, Alberto Pallavicini6, Maurizio Ruscio7, Prisco Piscirotelli8, Alessia Di Gilio3,
1. Lefapha la Khemistri ea Liindasteri, Univesithi ea Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento - 4, I-40136, Bologna, Italy
e-mail: leonardo.setti@unibo.it
2. Setsi sa Mafapha a Kopanetsoeng bakeng sa Lipatlisiso tsa Liindasteri "Mehloli e Tsosolositsoeng, Tikoloho, Khōlo ea Blue, Matla",
University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy e-mail: fabrizio.passarini@unibo.it
3. Lefapha la Biology, Univesithi ea "Aldo Moro" ea Bari, Bari, Italy
e-mail: gianluigi.degennaro@uniba.it; alessia.digilio@uniba.it; jolanda.palmisani@uniba.it
4. Lefapha la Saense ea Lik'hemik'hale le Meriana, Univesithi ea Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
e-mail: barbierp@units.it
5. Lekala la Lipatlisiso tsa Tikoloho, TCR TECORA, Milan, Italy
e-mail: mariagrazia.perrone@tcrtecora.com
6. Lefapha la Life Sciences - Univesithi ea Trieste, Trieste, Italy
e-mail: borelli@units.it; torboli@units.it; pallavic@units.it
7. Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sepetlele sa Univesithi Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI), Trieste, Italy
email: maurizio.ruscio@asugi.sanita.fvg.it
8. Mokhatlo oa Italy oa Meriana ea Tikoloho (SIMA), Milan, Italy
e-mail: priscofreedom@hotmail.com; alessandro.miani@unimi.it
9. Lefapha la Saense ea Tikoloho le Poicy, Univesithi ea Milan, Milan, Italy
e-mail: priscofreedom@hotmail.com; alessandro.miani@unimi.it
Sengoli se ngollanang:
Leonardo Setti, Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy; e-mail: leonardo.setti@unibo.it
Litšupiso
1. Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo, Mekhoa ea phetiso ea kokoana-hloko e bakang COVID-19: litlamorao bakeng sa likhothaletso tsa tšireletso tsa IPC, ka bokhutšoanyane ba mahlale;e fumaneha ho: https://www.who.int/newsroom/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipcprecaution-recommendations (29 Hlakubele 2020)
2. Lekala la Bophelo la Italy, phatlalatso ea letsatsi le letsatsi Covid-19 e qhoma Italy, e fumaneha ho http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_notizie_4451_0_file.pdf
3. EEA, Setsi sa Tikoloho sa Europe, Tlaleho ea Boleng ba Moea Europe 2019;No 10/2019;European Environment Agency: Copenhagen, Denmark, e fumaneha ho: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/airquality-in-europe-2019
4. Xiao Wu, Rachel C. Nethery, M. Benjamin Sabath, Danielle Braun, Francesca Dominici, Ho pepesehela tšilafalo ea moea le lefu la COVID-19 United States, li fumaneha ho: https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/ lifaele/covid-pm/files/pm_and_covid_mortality.pdf
5. Mokhatlo oa Italy oa Meriana ea Tikoloho (SIMA), Position Paper Particulate Matter le COVID-19,
e fumaneha ho: http://www.simonlus.it/wpsima/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID_19_positionpaper_ENG.pdf
6. Setti L., Passarini F., De Gennaro G., Barbieri P., Perrone MG, Piazzalunga A., Borelli M., Palmisani J., Di Gilio A, Piscitelli P, Miani A., Na ho na le Karolo e utloahalang Bakeng sa Taba e Ikemetseng ho phatlalatseng ha COVID-19 Italy Leboea?, BMJ Rapid Responses, April 8th 2020, e fumaneha ho: https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1103/rapid-responses
7. Sedlmaier, N., Hoppenheidt, K., Krist, H., Lehmann, S., Lang, H., Buttner, M. Generation of avian influenza virus (AIV) contaminated fecal fine particulate matter (PM2.5): genome le ts'oaetso ea ts'oaetso le ho bala ho tsoa.Microbiology ea bongaka ba liphoofolo.139, 156-164 (2009)
8. Zhao, Y., Richardson, B., Takle, E., Chai, L., Schmitt, D., Win, H. Phetiso ea Airborne e ka 'na ea e-ba le karolo ho phatlalatseng ha 2015 ho qhoma ha ntaramane ea avian influenza haholo. United States.Sci Rep. 9, 11755. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47788-z (2019)
9. Ma, Y., Zhou, J., Yang, S., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X. Tekolo ea phello ea liketsahalo tsa lerōle ketsahalong ea maselese ka bophirimela ho China.Tikoloho ea Sepakapaka.157, 1-9 (2017)
10. Sorensen, JH, Mackay, DKJ, Jensen, C. Ø., Donaldson, AI Mohlala o kopantsoeng oa ho bolela esale pele ho ata ha sepakapaka sa kokoana-hloko ea lefu la maoto le molomo Epidemiol.Infect., 124, 577–590 (2000)
11. Glostera, J., Alexandersen, S. Litaelo tse Ncha: Phetiso ea Moea ea Maoto-le-Mouth Virus Atmospheric Environment, 38 (3), 503-505 (2004)
12. Reche, I., D'Orta, G., Mladenov, N., Winget, DM, Suttle, CA Litekanyetso tsa ho beha livaerase le libaktheria ka holimo ho moeli oa sepakapaka.Koranta ea ISME.12, 1154-1162 (2018)
13. Qin, N., Liang, P., Wu, C., Wang, G., Xu, Q., Xiong, X., Wang, T., Zolfo, M., Segata, N., Qin, H ., Knight, R., Gilbert, JA, Zhu, TF Longitudinal survey of microbiome e amanang le particulate matter in a megacity.Genome Biology.La 21, 55 (2020)
14. Zhao, Y., Richardson, B., Takle, E., Chai, L., Schmitt, D., Win, H. Airborne phetiso e ka ba le
e bile le seabo ho phatlalatseng ha 2015 ho qhoma ha ntaramane ea linonyana e bakang mafu haholo United States.Sci
Rep. 9, 11755. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47788-z (2019)
15. Ma, Y., Zhou, J., Yang, S., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X. Tekolo ea phello ea liketsahalo tsa lerole ketsahalong ea maselese ka bophirimela ho China.Tikoloho ea Sepakapaka.157, 1-9 (2017)
16. Jiang, W., Laing, P., Wang, B., Fang, J., Lang, J., Tian, G., Jiang, J., Zhu, TF Optimized DNA extract le metagenomic tatellano ea lichaba tse phelang moeeng .Nat.Protoc.10, 768-779 (2015)
17. Pan, M., Lednicky, JA, Wu, C.-Y., Pokello, boholo ba likaroloana le ho lemoha likokoana-hloko tsa moea.Journal of Applied Microbiology, 127, 1596-1611 (2019)
18. Zymoresearch Ldt, tlhaloso ea sehlahisoa, e fumaneha ho: https://www.zymoresearch.com/products/quick-rnafecal-soil-microbe microprep-kit
19. Quantabio Ltd, tlhaloso ea sehlahisoa, e fumaneha ho: https://www.quantabio.com/qscript-xlt-1-steprt-qpcr-toughmix
20. Corman, VM, Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, DK, & Mulders, DG (2020).
Ho sibolloa ha "coronavirus" ea 2019 (2019-nCoV) ka RT-PCR ea nako ea nnete.Eurosurveillance, 25(3), e fumaneha ho:.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6988269/
Ea mantlha: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20065995
Nako ea poso: Apr-18-2020