Cudurka daran ee neef-mareenka ee loo yaqaan COVID-19 cudurka - oo ay ugu wacan tahay fayraska SARS-CoV-2 - waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inuu ku faafo dhibcaha neefsashada iyo xiriirka dhow.[1]Culayska COVID-19 aad buu ugu darnaa Lombardy iyo Dooxada Po (Waqooyiga Talyaaniga),[2] oo ah aag lagu garto xaddi badan oo maadada particulate ah, kuwaas oo horey loogu yaqaanay inay saameyn xun ku yeeshaan caafimaadka aadanaha.[3]Tirooyinka gobolka ee laga heli karo Talyaaniga taariikhda Abriil 12-keeda waxay muujinayaan in ku dhawaad 30% dadka hadda togan ay weli ku nool yihiin Lombardy (qiyaastii 40% haddii la tixgeliyo kiisaska guud ee la xaqiijiyey bilowgii cudurka), waxaa ku xiga Emilia Romagna (13.5%). , Piedmont (10.5%), iyo Veneto (10%).[2]Afartan gobol ee Dooxada Po waxay ka yihiin 80% wadarta guud ee dhimashada ee laga diiwaan geliyey Talyaaniga iyo 65% ee qaybaha daryeelka degdegga ah ee oggolaanshaha.[2]
Cilmi baaris uu sameeyay Iskuulka Harvard ee Caafimaadka Dadweynaha waxay umuuqataa inay xaqiijineyso xiriirka ka dhexeeya kororka uruurinta PM iyo heerarka dhimashada ee COVID-19 ee Mareykanka fayrasku waxa uu ku jiri karaa maadada particulate (PM) inta lagu guda jiro faafitaanka caabuqa,[5,6]
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, arrinta microbiome-ka hawada ku xiran ee PM-ku-xiran, gaar ahaan deegaannada magaalooyinka, ayaa weli ah mid aan baaritaan lagu samayn, marka la xaqiijiyo ama laga reebo joogitaanka SARS-CoV-2 ee PM.
Halkan, waxaan ku soo bandhigaynaa natiijooyinka ugu horreeya ee falanqaynta aan ku samaynay 34 PM10 muunado bannaanka/hawo-qaadka PM10 oo laga keenay goobta warshadaha ee Gobolka Bergamo, oo lagu soo ururiyay laba sambal-qaadayaal hawo oo kala duwan muddo 3-usbuuc ah oo joogto ah, laga bilaabo Febraayo 21st ilaa Maarso 13aad.
Iyadoo la raacayo habka uu qeexay Pan et al.sanadka 2019 (ururinta, cabbirka walxaha iyo ogaanshaha fayrasyada hawada ku jira), [17] muunadaha PM waxaa lagu soo ururiyay filtarrada quartz fiber iyadoo la adeegsanayo muunad hawadu hooseyso (38.3 l / min 23 h), oo waafaqsan habka tixraaca EN12341 :2014 ee la socodka PM10.Maaddada khaaska ah ayaa ku xayiran filtarrada iyadoo 99.9% caadi ahhaynta aerosol, si habboon loo kaydiyay oo la geeyey shaybaadhka Applied and Comparative Genomics ee Jaamacadda Trieste.Marka la eego dabeecadda "deegaanka" ee muunada, oo loo maleynayo inay hodan ku yihiin horjoogayaasha DNA polymerases, waxaan sii wadnay soo saarista RNA anagoo adeegsanayna qalabka microbe saxarada RNA ee degdega ah ee ku habboon nooca filtarrada.[18]filtarka kala badh baa la giringiriyey, iyadoo dhinaca sare u jeedday gudaha,ku jira 5 ml oo tuubo polypropylene ah, oo ay la socdaan kuulyada lagu bixiyey xirmada.Laga soo bilaabo 1 ml ee bilowga ah ee lysisbuffer, waxaan awoodnay inaan helno qiyaastii 400 ul oo xal ah, ka dibna loo farsameeyay sida lagu qeexay hab-maamuuska caadiga ah, taasoo keentay natiijada ugu dambeysa ee 15 ul.Ka dib, 5 ul ayaa loo isticmaalay baaritaanka SARS-CoV-2.Marka la eego asalka gaarka ah ee muunadda, qScript XLT 1-Tallaabo RT-qPCR ToughMix ayaa la isticmaalay.[19]Nidaamyada kor-u-qaadista waxay ahaayeen kuwa borotokoolka ay soo saartay Corman et al, oo lagu daabacay bogga WHO [20].
Tijaabada waxaa si cad loogu talagalay in lagu xaqiijiyo ama laga saaro joogitaanka SARS-CoV-2 RNA ee walxaha qayb ka ah.Falanqaynta koowaad waxay isticmaashay "Hidoskoobka E" sidii calaamad molecular waxayna soo saartay natiijo wanaagsan oo cajiib ah 15 ka mid ah 16 filtarrada xitaa haddii, sida aan filan karno, Ct wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 36-38 wareegyo.
Intaa ka dib, waxaan ku soo koobnay falanqaynta 6 ee filtarrada togan (oo horeyba u togan "Hidoowga E") annagoo adeegsanayna "Hidoska RtDR" sida calaamad molecular - kaas oo si gaar ah u gaar ah SARS-CoV-2 - gaarey 5 natiijooyin muhiim ah of positivity;imtixaanada xakamaynta si looga saaro wanaagga beenta ah ayaa sidoo kale si guul leh loo sameeyay (Jaantus. 1).
Si looga fogaado in ay gabaabsiiyaan agabka muunada yar ee la heli karo, inta soo hartay RNA-yada la soo saaray waxaa la geeyey Isbitaalka Jaamacadda ee deegaanka (mid ka mid ah xarumaha caafimaad ee ay u oggolaatay Dowladda Talyaaniga ee baaritaanka SARS-CoV-2), si loo sameeyo hal ilbiriqsi. imtixaan indho la'aan ah.Shaybaadhkan labaad ee kiliinikada ayaa tijaabiyay 34 RNA soo saarida hiddo-wadaha E, N iyo RdRP, isagoo ka warbixinaya 7 natiijooyin togan ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah saddexda hidde-sideyaasha, iyadoo si gaar ah loo xaqiijiyay dhammaan saddexda calaamadood (Jaantus 2).Sababtoo ah nooca muunada, iyo iyadoo la tixgelinayo in muunad-samaynta aan loo samayn ujeedooyin ogaanshaha bukaan-socodka laakiin loogu talagalay shaybaarada wasakhowga deegaanka (iyadoo sidoo kale la tixgelinayo in filtarrada la keydiyay ugu yaraan afar toddobaad ka hor inta aan la qaadin falanqaynta hidde-sideyaasha molecular, sidanatiijada xiritaanka Talyaanigu), waxaan xaqiijin karnaa inaan si macquul ah u muujinnay joogitaanka fayraska SARS-CoV-2 RNA annagoo ogaanayna "Hiddo-sidaha RtDR" ee 8 filtarrada.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la'aanta agabka dheeraadka ah ee filtarrada awgeed, ma awoodno inaan ku celino tiro ku filan oo tijaabo ah si aan u muujinno togan dhammaan 3 calamadaha molecular isku mar.
Tani waa caddaynta hordhaca ah ee ugu horreysa ee ah in SARS-CoV-2 RNA ay ku jiri karto walxaha dibadda, sidaas darteed waxay soo jeedinaysaa, xaaladaha xasilloonida jawiga iyo uruurinta sare ee PM, SARS-CoV-2 waxay abuuri kartaa kooxo leh PM dibadda iyo - by hoos u dhigidda isku xirnaanta faafinta - waxay kordhisaa ku adkaysiga fayraska ee jawiga.Xaqiijin dheeraad ah oo hordhac ahcaddayntu waa socotaa, waana in lagu daraa qiimaynta-waqtiga-dhabta ah ee ku saabsan nolosha SARS-CoV-2 iyo sidoo kale fayraska marka lagu daro walxaha qayb ka ah.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, malaha lama samayn karo oo khuseeya xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya joogitaanka fayraska PM iyo horumarka dillaaca COVID-19.Arrimaha kale ee si gaar ah wax looga qabanayo waa celceliska uruurinta PM ugu dambeyntiilooga baahan yahay "saamaynta kor u kaca" ee suurtogalka ah ee faafitaanka (haddii la xaqiijiyo in PM uu u dhaqmi karo sidii "sidayaal" nuklei fayraska), ama xitaa suurtagalnimada aragtida ee tallaalka taasoo ka dhalatay qiyaasta ugu yar ee soo-gaadhista meelaha hoose ee PM .
Sawirkakhadadka isdhaafkawaxay ka dhigan tahay soo saarista shaandhada tixraaca;khadadka guduudan waxay u taagan yihiin kordhinta shaybaarada togan.
Jaantuska.2.Natiijooyin wanaagsan (oo lagu calaamadeeyay X) ee E, N iyo RdRP hiddo-wadaha la helay dhammaan muunadda 34 PM10filtarrada lagu tijaabiyay falanqaynta labaad ee barbar socota.
Leonardo Setti1, Fabrizio Passarini2, Gianluigi De Gennaro3, Pierluigi Barbieri4, Maria Grazia Perrone5, Massimo Borelli6, Jolanda Palmisani3, Alessia Di Gilio3, Valentina Torboli6, Alberto Pallavicini6, Maurizio Ruscio7te, Alentina Torboli6.
1. Dept. Kiimikada Warshadaha, Jaamacadda Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento - 4, I-40136, Bologna, Italy
e-mail: leonardo.setti@unibo.it
2. Xarunta Waax-wadaagta ee Cilmi-baarista Warshadaha "Ilaha la cusboonaysiin karo, Deegaanka, Kobaca Buluugga ah, Tamarta",
University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy e-mail: fabrizio.passarini@unibo.it
3. Dept. of Biology, University "Aldo Moro" ee Bari, Bari, Italy
e-mail: gianluigi.degennaro@uniba.it; alessia.digilio@uniba.it; jolanda.palmisani@uniba.it
4. Qaybta Kiimikada iyo Sayniska Dawooyinka, Jaamacadda Trieste, Trieste, Talyaaniga
e-mail: barbierp@units.it
5. Qaybta Cilmi-baarista Deegaanka, TCR TECORA, Milan, Italy
e-mail: mariagrazia.perrone@tcrtecora.com
6. Qaybta Sayniska Nolosha - Jaamacadda Trieste, Trieste, Italy
e-mail: borelli@units.it; torboli@units.it; pallavic@units.it
7. Qaybta Daawada Shaybaadhka, Isbitaalka Jaamacadda Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI), Trieste, Italy
email: maurizio.ruscio@asugi.sanita.fvg.it
8. Bulshada Talyaaniga ee Daawada Deegaanka (SIMA), Milan, Italy
e-mail: priscofreedom@hotmail.com; alessandro.miani@unimi.it
9. Department of Environmental Science and Poicy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
e-mail: priscofreedom@hotmail.com; alessandro.miani@unimi.it
Qoraaga ku habboon:
Leonardo Setti, Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy; e-mail: leonardo.setti@unibo.it
Tixraacyo
1. Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka, Qaababka la isugu gudbiyo fayraska sababa COVID-19: Saamaynta talooyinka taxaddarka ee IPC, kooban cilmiyeed;laga heli karo: https://www.who.int/newsroom/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipcprecaution-recommendations (29 March 2020)
2. Wasaaradda Caafimaadka Talyaaniga, warbixin maalinle ah oo loo yaqaan 'Covid-19' oo ka dillaacday Talyaaniga, laga heli karo http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_notizie_4451_0_file.pdf
3. EEA, Wakaaladda Deegaanka Yurub, Tayada Hawada Yurub Warbixinta 2019;Maya 10/2019;Wakaaladda Deegaanka Yurub: Copenhagen, Denmark, laga heli karo: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/airquality-in-europe-2019
4. Xiao Wu, Rachel C. Nethery, M. Benjamin Sabath, Danielle Braun, Francesca Dominici, Soo-gaadhista wasakhowga hawada iyo dhimashada COVID-19 ee Maraykanka, laga heli karo: https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/ files/covid-pm/files/pm_and_covid_mortality.pdf
5. Bulshada Talyaaniga ee Daawada Deegaanka (SIMA), Mawqifka Warqada Qaybaha ah iyo COVID-19,
laga heli karo: http://www.simaonlus.it/wpsima/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID_19_positionpaper_ENG.pdf
6. Setti L., Passarini F., De Gennaro G., Barbieri P., Perrone MG, Piazzalunga A., Borelli M., Palmisani J., Di Gilio A, Piscitelli P, Miani A., Ma jiraa door macquul ah Jawaabaha Degdegga ah ee BMJ, Abriil 8-deeda, 2020, oo laga heli karo: https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1103/rapid-responses
7. Sedlmaier, N., Hoppenheidt, K., Krist, H., Lehmann, S., Lang, H., Buttner, M. Jiilka fayraska hargabka avian (AIV) oo wasakhaysan saxarada saxarada (PM2.5): genome iyo ogaanshaha infekshanka iyo xisaabinta immission.Microbiology-ga Xoolaha.139, 156-164 (2009)
8. Zhao, Y., Richardson, B., Takle, E., Chai, L., Schmitt, D., Win, H. Gudbinta hawada ayaa laga yaabaa inay door ka ciyaartay faafitaanka 2015 ee aadka u faafa ee hargabka avian-ka ee dillaaca Maraykanka.Sci Rep. 9, 11755. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47788-z (2019)
9. Ma, Y., Zhou, J., Yang, S., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X. Qiimaynta saamaynta dhacdooyinka boodhka ee dhacdooyinka jadeecada ee galbeedka Shiinaha.Deegaanka Hawada.157, 1-9 (2017)
10. Sorensen, JH, Mackay, DKJ, Jensen, C. Ø., Donaldson, AI Qaab isku dhafan oo lagu saadaaliyo faafitaanka atmospheric ee cudurka cagta-iyo-afka fayraska Epidemiol.Caabuqa., 124, 577-590 (2000)
11. Glostera, J., Alexandersen, S. Jihooyin cusub: Gudbinta hawada ee Cudurada Lugaha-iyo-Afka ee Deegaanka Hawada, 38 (3), 503-505 (2004)
12. Reche, I., D'Orta, G., Mladenov, N., Winget, DM, Suttle, CA Heerarka dhigaalka fayraska iyo bakteeriyada ee ka sarreeya lakabka xadka atmosperic.Wargeyska ISME.12, 1154-1162 (2018)
13. Qin, N., Liang, P., Wu, C., Wang, G., Xu, Q., Xiong, X., Wang, T., Zolfo, M., Segata, N., Qin, H ., Knight, R., Gilbert, JA, Zhu, TF Sahanka dheer ee microbiome ee la xidhiidha walxaha qayb ka ah megacity.Biology-ga Genome.21, 55 (2020)
14. Zhao, Y., Richardson, B., Takle, E., Chai, L., Schmitt, D., Win, H. Gudbinta hawadu waxay yeelan kartaa
waxay door ka ciyaartay faafitaanka 2015 ee hargabka avian-ka ee ka dillaacay Maraykanka.Sci
Rep. 9, 11755. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47788-z (2019)
15. Ma, Y., Zhou, J., Yang, S., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X. Qiimaynta saamaynta dhacdooyinka boodhka ee dhacdooyinka jadeecada ee galbeedka Shiinaha.Deegaanka Hawada.157, 1-9 (2017)
16. Jiang, W., Laing, P., Wang, B., Fang, J., Lang, J., Tian, G., Jiang, J., Zhu, TF Soo saarista DNA la wanaajiyey iyo isku xigxiga metagenomic ee bulshooyinka microbial-ka hawada laga qaado .Nat.Protoc.10, 768-779 (2015)
17. Pan, M., Lednicky, JA, Wu, C.-Y., Ururinta, cabbirka walxaha iyo ogaanshaha fayrasyada hawada.Journal of Applied Microbiology, 127, 1596-1611 (2019)
18. Zymoresearch Ldt, sharraxaadda alaabta, laga heli karo: https://www.zymoresearch.com/products/quick-rnafecal-soil-microbe microprep-kit
19. Quantabio Ltd, sharraxaadda alaabta, laga heli karo: https://www.quantabio.com/qscript-xlt-1-steprt-qpcr-toughmix
20. Corman, VM, Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, DK, & Mulders, DG (2020).
Helitaanka coronavirus novel 2019 (2019-nCoV) ee RT-PCR-waqtiga-dhabta ah.Eurosurveillance, 25(3), laga heli karo:.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6988269/
Asal ahaan: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20065995
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-18-2020