Mob hnyav ua pa nyuaj hu ua COVID-19 tus kab mob - vim yog tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 - tau lees paub tias kis tau los ntawm cov kua ua pa thiab cov neeg nyob ze.[1]Lub nra ntawm COVID-19 yog qhov hnyav heev hauv Lombardy thiab Po Valley (Northern Ltalis),[2] thaj chaw uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov teeb meem, uas twb paub tias yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.[3]Cov ntaub ntawv hauv cheeb tsam muaj rau Ltalis thaum lub Plaub Hlis 12th qhia tias kwv yees li 30% ntawm cov neeg zoo tam sim no tseem nyob hauv Lombardy (kwv yees li 40% yog tias xav txog tag nrho cov xwm txheej tau lees paub txij thaum pib muaj kev sib kis), tom qab ntawd Emilia Romagna (13.5%). , Piedmont (10.5%), thiab Veneto (10%).[2]Cov plaub cheeb tsam no ntawm Po Valley suav txog 80% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tuag tau sau tseg hauv tebchaws Ltalis thiab 65% ntawm Cov Tsev Kho Mob hnyav nkag mus.[2]
Kev tshawb fawb ua los ntawm Harvard Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv zoo li tau lees paub tias muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev nce hauv PM cov ntsiab lus thiab cov neeg tuag vim yog COVID-19 hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas[4] Hauv kev sib txuas lus yav dhau los, peb tau kwv yees qhov ua tau tias SARS-CoV-2. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem me me (PM) thaum kis tus kab mob, [5,6] tsis tu ncua nrog cov pov thawj twb
muaj rau lwm yam kab mob.[7-15] Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem ntawm huab cua PM-koom nrog microbiome, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nroog ib puag ncig, tseem tsis tshua muaj kev tshawb xyuas,[16] thiab - tam sim no - tsis muaj leej twg tseem tau ua cov kev tshawb fawb sim tshwj xeeb rau ntawm kev lees paub lossis tsis suav nrog kev muaj tus kabmob SARS-CoV-2 ntawm PM.
Ntawm no, peb nthuav tawm thawj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txheeb xyuas uas peb tau ua ntawm 34 PM10 cov qauv ntawm sab nraum zoov / huab cua PM10 los ntawm ib qho chaw lag luam ntawm Bergamo Province, sau nrog ob tus qauv huab cua sib txawv nyob rau lub sijhawm 3-lub lis piam, txij Lub Ob Hlis 21st txog Lub Peb Hlis. 13th.
Ua raws li txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Pan et al.xyoo 2019 (rau kev sau, particle sizing thiab kuaj pom cov kab mob hauv huab cua), [17] PM cov qauv tau sau rau ntawm quartz fiber lim los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab nqus cua lowvolume gravimetric air sampler (38.3 l / min rau 23 h), ua raws li txoj kev siv EN12341 : 2014 rau PM10 saib xyuas.Cov teeb meem me me tau daig rau cov lim dej nrog 99.9% raugaerosol retention, khaws cia kom zoo thiab xa mus rau chav kuaj ntawm Kev Siv thiab Kev Sib Piv Genomics ntawm Trieste University.Muab qhov "ib puag ncig" ntawm tus qauv, suav tias yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv inhibitors ntawm DNA polymerases, peb pib nrog kev rho tawm ntawm RNA los ntawm kev siv Quick RNA fecal av microbe cov khoom siv yoog rau hom lim dej.[18]Ib nrab lim tau dov, nrog rau sab saum toj tig rau sab hauv,nyob rau hauv ib lub raj 5 ml polypropylene, ua ke nrog cov hlaws dai hauv cov khoom siv.Los ntawm thawj 1 ml ntawm lysisbuffer, peb tuaj yeem tau txais txog 400 ul ntawm kev daws, uas tau ua tiav raws li tau hais tseg los ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, ua rau qhov kawg eluate ntawm 15 ul.Tom qab ntawd, 5 ul tau siv rau kev kuaj SARS-CoV-2.Muab lub hauv paus tshwj xeeb ntawm tus qauv, qScript XLT 1-Step RT-qPCR ToughMix tau siv.[19]Cov tshuab amplification yog cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm Corman li al, luam tawm ntawm WHO lub vev xaib [20].
Qhov kev sim tau qhia meej meej rau kev lees paub lossis tsis suav nrog qhov muaj SARS-CoV-2 RNA ntawm cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb.Thawj qhov kev tshuaj xyuas siv "E noob" ua tus cim molecular thiab ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm 15 ntawm 16 cov lim dej txawm tias, raws li peb tuaj yeem xav, Ct nyob nruab nrab ntawm 36-38 cycles.
Tom qab ntawd, peb tau rov ua dua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm 6 ntawm cov lim dej zoo (twb zoo rau "E noob") los ntawm kev siv "RtDR gene" ua tus cim molecular - uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau SARS-CoV-2 - ncav cuag 5 qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb. ntawm qhov zoo;Kev tswj xyuas kom tsis suav nrog qhov tsis muaj tseeb kuj tau ua tiav (Daim duab 1).
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob khiav tawm ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj, cov RNAs uas tseem tshuav tau raug xa mus rau Tsev Kho Mob University hauv zos (ib qho ntawm cov chaw kho mob tau tso cai los ntawm tsoomfwv Italian rau kev kuaj mob SARS-CoV-2), txhawm rau ua qhov thib ob. parallel dig muag test.Qhov chaw kuaj mob thib ob no tau sim 34 RNA extractions rau cov noob E, N thiab RdRP, qhia 7 cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm peb cov cim cim, nrog rau qhov zoo sib cais rau tag nrho peb cov cim (Daim duab 2).Vim tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus qauv, thiab txiav txim siab tias qhov kev kuaj tsis tau ua tiav rau kev kuaj mob, tab sis rau kev ntsuam xyuas ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug (siv kuj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov ntxaij lim dej tau khaws cia tsawg kawg plaub lub lis piam ua ntej kev soj ntsuam cov noob caj noob ces molecular, xws liqhov tshwm sim los ntawm Italian kaw), peb tuaj yeem lees paub tias muaj qhov ua tau pom tseeb pom muaj SARS-CoV-2 tus kab mob RNA los ntawm kev kuaj pom qhov tshwj xeeb "RtDR gene" ntawm 8 lim.Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias tsis muaj cov khoom siv ntxiv los ntawm cov lim dej, peb tsis tuaj yeem rov ua cov lej txaus kom pom qhov zoo rau tag nrho 3 cov cim molecular ib txhij.
Qhov no yog thawj qhov pov thawj ua ntej uas SARS-CoV-2 RNA tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau sab nraum zoov, yog li qhia tias, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm atmospheric stability thiab siab concentrations PM, SARS-CoV-2 tuaj yeem tsim pawg nrog PM sab nraum zoov thiab - los ntawm txo lawv cov diffusion coefficient - txhim khu kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob hauv cov huab cua.Ntxiv kev pom zoo ntawm qhov ua ntej noCov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tseem tsis tu ncua, thiab yuav tsum suav nrog kev ntsuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm SARS-CoV-2 nrog rau nws qhov kev ua phem thaum adsorbed ntawm cov khoom me me.Tam sim no, tsis muaj kev xav tias yuav ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev muaj tus kab mob PM thiab COVID-19 kev kis mus ntxiv.Lwm cov teeb meem yuav tsum tau hais tshwj xeeb yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm PM thaum kawgxav tau rau qhov muaj peev xwm "txhawb nqa" ntawm kev sib kis (yog tias nws tau lees paub tias PM tuaj yeem ua "tus neeg nqa khoom" rau tus kab mob tee nuclei), lossis txawm tias qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim rau cov tshuaj tsawg tsawg ntawm qhov pib ntawm PM .
Fig.1 Amplification curves ntawm E (A) thiab RdRP noob (B): cov kab ntsuab sawv cev rau cov lim lim;hla kabsawv cev siv lim extractions;cov kab liab sawv cev rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov qauv zoo.
Fig.2.Cov txiaj ntsig zoo (cim nrog X) rau E, N thiab RdRP cov noob tau txais rau tag nrho cov qauv 34 PM10cov ntxaij lim dej tau sim nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob parallel analyses.
Leonardo Setti 1, Fabrizio Passarini 2, Gianluigi De Gennaro3, Pierluigi Barbieri4, Maria Grazia Perrone5, Massimo Borelli6, Jolanda Palmisani3, Alessia Di Gilio3, Valentina Torboli6, Alberto Pallavicini6, Maurizio Rusciani8, Pisciani 7
1. Dept. Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento – 4, I-40136, Bologna, Ltalis
e-mail: leonardo.setti@unibo.it
2. Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research “Renewable Sources, Environment, Blue Loj hlob, Zog”,
University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy e-mail: fabrizio.passarini@unibo.it
3. Dept. of Biology, University "Aldo Moro" ntawm Bari, Bari, Ltalis
e-mail: gianluigi.degennaro@uniba.it; alessia.digilio@uniba.it; jolanda.palmisani@uniba.it
4. Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Ltalis
e-mail: barbierp@units.it
5. Environmental Research Division, TCR TECORA, Milan, Ltalis
e-mail: mariagrazia.perrone@tcrtecora.com
6. Dept. of Life Sciences – University of Trieste, Trieste, Ltalis
e-mail: borelli@units.it; torboli@units.it; pallavic@units.it
7. Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI), Trieste, Ltalis
email: maurizio.ruscio@asugi.sanita.fvg.it
8. Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Ltalis
e-mail: priscofreedom@hotmail.com; alessandro.miani@unimi.it
9. Department of Environmental Science thiab Poicy, University of Milan, Milan, Ltalis
e-mail: priscofreedom@hotmail.com; alessandro.miani@unimi.it
Sau Sau:
Leonardo Setti, ib Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy; e-mail: leonardo.setti@unibo.it
Cov ntaub ntawv
1. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb, Hom kev kis tus kab mob ua rau COVID-19: cuam tshuam rau IPC cov lus pom zoo kom ceev faj, Kev tshawb fawb luv luv;Tau qhov twg los: https://www.who.int/newsroom/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipcprecaution-recommendations (29 March 2020)
2. Italian Ministry of Health, cov ntawv xov xwm txhua hnub Covid-19 tshwm sim hauv Ltalis, muaj nyob ntawm http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_notizie_4451_0_file.pdf
3. EEA, European Environmental Agency, Air Quality in Europe 2019 Report;Tsis muaj 10/2019;European Environment Agency: Copenhagen, Denmark, availbale ntawm: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/airquality-in-europe-2019
4. Xiao Wu, Rachel C. Nethery, M. Benjamin Sabath, Danielle Braun, Francesca Dominici, Kev cuam tshuam rau huab cua phem thiab COVID-19 kev tuag hauv Tebchaws Meskas, muaj nyob ntawm: https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/ covid-pm/files/pm_and_covid_mortality.pdf
5. Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Position Paper Particulate Matter thiab COVID-19,
muaj nyob ntawm: http://www.simaonlus.it/wpsima/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID_19_positionpaper_ENG.pdf
6. Setti L., Passarini F., De Gennaro G., Barbieri P., Perrone MG, Piazzalunga A., Borelli M., Palmisani J., Di Gilio A, Piscitelli P, Miani A., Puas Muaj Lub Luag Haujlwm Plausible rau Cov Teeb Meem Hauv Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm COVID-19 nyob rau sab qaum teb Ltalis?, BMJ Cov Lus Teb nrawm, Lub Plaub Hlis 8, 2020, muaj nyob ntawm: https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1103/rapid-responses
7. Sedlmaier, N., Hoppenheidt, K., Krist, H., Lehmann, S., Lang, H., Buttner, M. Generation of avian influenza virus (AIV) contaminated fecal fine particulate matter (PM2.5): genome thiab kab mob kuaj pom thiab suav cov immission.Veterinary Microbiology.139, 156-164 (2009)
8. Zhao, Y., Richardson, B., Takle, E., Chai, L., Schmitt, D., Win, H. Airborne kis tau tus mob tau ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib kis ntawm xyoo 2015 uas muaj kab mob khaub thuas kis thoob qhov txhia chaw hauv lub tebchaws. Tebchaws Meskas.Sci Rep. 9, 11755. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47788-z (2019)
9. Ma, Y., Zhou, J., Yang, S., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X. Kev soj ntsuam rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej plua plav ntawm cov kab mob qhua pias nyob rau sab hnub poob Suav teb.Atmospheric Ib puag ncig.157, 1-9 (2017)
10. Sorensen, JH, Mackay, DKJ, Jensen, C. Ø., Donaldson, AI Ib qho qauv sib xyaw ua ke los kwv yees huab cua kis tus kab mob ko taw thiab qhov ncauj Epidemiol.Kab mob, 124, 577–590 (2000)
11. Glostera, J., Alexandersen, S. New Directions: Airborne Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Atmospheric Environment, 38 (3), 503-505 (2004)
12. Reche, I., D'Orta, G., Mladenov, N., Winget, DM, Suttle, CA Deposition tus nqi ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob saum toj no atmosperic ciam teb txheej.Lub ISME Journal.12, 1154-1162 (2018)
13. Qin, N., Liang, P., Wu, C., Wang, G., Xu, Q., Xiong, X., Wang, T., Zolfo, M., Segata, N., Qin, H. ., Knight, R., Gilbert, JA, Zhu, TF Longitudinal tshawb fawb ntawm microbiome txuam nrog cov teeb meem megacity.Genome Biology.Lub Ob Hlis 21, 55 (2020)
14. Zhao, Y., Richardson, B., Takle, E., Chai, L., Schmitt, D., Win, H. Airborne kis tau tus mob
tau ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib kis ntawm xyoo 2015 uas muaj kab mob khaub thuas kis thoob ntiaj teb hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Sci
Rep. 9, 11755. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47788-z (2019)
15. Ma, Y., Zhou, J., Yang, S., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X. Kev ntsuam xyuas rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov kab mob qhua pias nyob rau sab hnub poob Suav teb.Atmospheric Ib puag ncig.157, 1-9 (2017)
16. Jiang, W., Laing, P., Wang, B., Fang, J., Lang, J., Tian, G., Jiang, J., Zhu, TF Optimized DNA extraction thiab metagenomic sequencing ntawm airborne microbial zej zog .Nat.Protoc.10, 768-779 (2015)
17. Pan, M., Lednicky, JA, Wu, C.-Y., Collection, particle sizing and detection of airborne viruses.Phau ntawv Journal of Applied Microbiology, 127, 1596-1611 (2019)
18. Zymoresearch Ldt, cov khoom piav qhia, muaj nyob ntawm: https://www.zymoresearch.com/products/quick-rnafecal-soil-microbe microprep-kit
19. Quantabio Ltd, piav qhia ntawm cov khoom, muaj nyob ntawm: https://www.quantabio.com/qscript-xlt-1-steprt-qpcr-toughmix
20. Corman, VM, Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, DK, & Mulders, DG (2020).
Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR.Eurosurveillance, 25(3), muaj nyob rau ntawm:.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6988269/
Original: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20065995
Post lub sij hawm: Apr-18-2020