Uma sikhuluma ngokungcoliswa komoya, ngokuvamile sicabanga ngomoya ongaphandle, kodwa lapho abantu bechitha isikhathi esingakaze sibonwe besendlini, akukaze kube khona ukuhlangana okufaneleka ukucabangela ubudlelwano phakathi kwezempilo kanye nekhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi (IAQ).
I-COVID-19 isakazeka ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abasondelene kakhulu.Uma ungaphakathi endlini, kuncane ukugeleza komoya okuhlakaza futhi kuhlanjululwe izinhlayiya zegciwane lapho ukhishwa umoya, ngakho-ke ubungozi bokusabalala kwe-COVID-19 komunye umuntu oseduze bungaphezu kokuba ngaphandle.
Ngaphambi kokuba i-COVID-19 ihlasele, kumbalwa ukuzimisela okuqinile ukubhekana nokubaluleka kwe-IAQ ezindaweni zomphakathi njengamasinema, imitapo yolwazi, izikole, indawo yokudlela, amahhotela, njll. Izikole ziphambili kulo bhubhane.Ukungena komoya okungalungile ngaphakathi kwezikole kwande kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezindala.
Ngomhla ziyisi-9 kuMfumfu 2020, i-AHRI yethula umkhankaso wedijithali, okuhloswe ngawo ukusiza amasistimu ezikole ezweni lonke ukuthi athuthukise ikhwalithi yomoya wasendlini njengendlela yokwenza izikole ziphephe kakhudlwana.
Ibeke phambili izindlela ezi-5 zokusiza abaphathi besikole noma othisha ukuthi baklame noma bathuthukise uhlelo lwesikole oluthembeke kakhulu lwe-HVAC.
1. Ukugcina izinsiza ezivela kumhlinzeki we-HVAC oqeqeshiwe noqinisekisiwe
Ngokuka-ASHARE, kusistimu ye-HVAC enkulu neyinkimbinkimbi njengokwakhiwa ezikoleni, kufanele igcine izinsizakalo ezivela kungcweti wokudizayina oqeqeshiwe, noma umhlinzeki ogunyaziwe ogunyazwe, noma umhlinzeki wesevisi wokuhlola oqinisekisiwe, ukulungisa nokulinganisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe abaqashwe yilezi zinkampani kufanele bagunyazwe yi-NATE (North American Technician Excellence) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi baqeqeshwe kakhulu, bahlolwe, futhi banolwazi emkhakheni we-HVAC.
2. Ukungenisa umoya
Njengoba iningi lama-air conditioner linganikezi noma yimuphi umoya ohlanzekile, kodwa kunalokho liphinde lijikeleze umoya wasendlini futhi lipholise izinga lokushisa.Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanjululwa kokungcola, okubandakanya ama-aerosol athathelwanayo, ngokungenisa umoya wangaphandle kuyisu elibalulekile le-IAQI-ASHRAE Standard 62.1.Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ngisho namazinga amancane okungenisa komoya wangaphandle anganciphisa ukudluliswa komkhuhlane ngezinga elithile ngokuvamile okuhlotshaniswa nesilinganiso sokugoma samaphesenti angu-50 kuya kwangu-60, okwenza ukutheleleka kube mancane amathuba.
3.Ukuthuthukisa izihlungi
Igama elisetshenziswa ukuchaza ukusebenza kahle kwesihlungi semishini lithi i-MERV(Inani Elincane Lokubika Ukusebenza Ngokufanelekile), uma liphakama ibanga le-MERV, kulapho izinga lokuhlunga liphezulu.I-ASHRAE yancoma ukuthi amasistimu e-HVAC esikoleni kufanele asebenzise ukusebenza kahle kwesihlungi okungenani kube yi-MERV 13 futhi ngokunokwenzeka i-MERV14 ukuze kuncishiswe kangcono ukudluliswa kwama-aerosol athathelwanayo.Kodwa okwamanje, iningi lezinhlelo ze-HVAC ezifakwe kuphela i-MERV 6-8, izihlungi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zidinga ukucindezela komoya okukhulu ukushayela noma ukuphoqelela umoya ngesihlungi, ngakho-ke ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe lapho kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwesihlungi ohlelweni lwe-HVAC ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amandla yesistimu ye-HVAC yanele ukumboza izihlungi ezingcono ngaphandle kokuthikameze kabi ikhono lesistimu lokugcina izinga lokushisa elidingekayo lasendlini kanye nezimo zomswakama kanye nobudlelwano bengcindezi yendawo.Uchwepheshe we-HVAC oqeqeshiwe unamathuluzi okunquma isihlungi esikhulu esingaba khona se-MERV sesistimu ngayinye.
4.Ukwelashwa kokukhanya kwe-UV
I-ultraviolet germicidal irradiation(UVGI) ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-UV ukubulala noma ukuvala izinhlobo zegciwane, amagciwane, nesikhunta.Imisebe ye-electromagnetic ye-UV inobude obufushane begagasi kunokukhanya okubonakalayo.
Ngo-1936, uHart wasebenzisa ngempumelelo i-UVGI ukubulala amagciwane egunjini lokuhlinza esibhedlela saseDuke University ngokubonisa ukuncipha kwenxeba lokuhlinzwa elithathelwanayo.
Ucwaningo oluphawulekayo phakathi nobhubhane lwesimungumungwane lwe-1941-1942 lubonise ukwehla okuphawulekayo kokutheleleka phakathi kwezingane zesikole sase-Philadelphia emakilasini lapho uhlelo lwe-UVGI lufakwe khona, uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula amakilasi ngaphandle kwe-UVGI.
Amasistimu okubulala amagciwane e-UV e-HVAC ahambisana nokuhlunga okuvamile, u-Aaron Engel, umkhiqizi wemishini yekhwalithi yomoya yangaphakathi ye-FRESH-Aire UV uthe, ngokukhuluma namagciwane amancane ngokwanele ukuthi angadlula ezihlungini.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ephepheni le-AHRI, ukwelashwa kokukhanya kwe-UV kungasetshenziswa njengesithasiselo ekuhlungeni, kubulale amagciwane abalekayo.
5. Ukulawula Umswakama
Ngokokuhlolwa okushicilelwe kujenali ye-PLOS ONE emayelana Nomswakama Ophakeme Kuholela Ekulahlekeni Kwegciwane Lomkhuhlane Othathelwanayo Osuka Ekukhwehleleni Okulingisiwe, umphumela ubonisa ukuthi isamba segciwane eliqoqwe imizuzu engama-60 ligcine ukutheleleka okungu-70.6–77.3% kumswakama ohlobene ≤23% kodwa kuphela u-14.6–22.2. % kumswakama ohlobene ≥43%.
Sengiphetha, amagciwane awakwazi ukusebenza kahle ezakhiweni ezinomswakama ophakathi kwamaphesenti angama-40 no-60.Izikole ezisezindaweni ezipholile zingenwa kalula amazinga omswakamo aphansi kunowanele, okwenza izinto zokuthambisa zibe yisidingo.
Inqobo nje uma ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lusemphakathini futhi ungekho umuthi wokugoma, angeke kube khona ubungozi begciwane ezikoleni.Amathuba okusabalala kwegciwane asekhona, ngakho-ke, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokunciphisa.
Ngaphezu kokuzijwayeza ukuziqhelanisa nomphakathi, ukuqhelelana ngokomzimba phakathi kwabafundi nabasebenzi, ukuzijwayeza ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwezandla, ukusebenzisa imaski, nokugcina indawo enempilo, njengoba kwenzeka ezikoleni emhlabeni wonke, uhlelo lwe-HVAC olufakwe kahle, olusebenza kahle kakhulu, olunokugeleza komoya okwanele, okuhlanganiswe nezisetshenziswa zokukhanya kwe-UV nesilawuli somswakama nakanjani kuzothuthukisa ukunethezeka nokuphepha kwesakhiwo, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwabafundi.
Abazali bafuna izingane zabo zifike ekhaya ziphephile futhi zisesimweni esifanayo somzimba lapho zilayishwa ezikoleni kwasekuqaleni.
Imikhiqizo yokuhlunga komoya ye-Holtop ye-anti-virus:
1.I-ventilator yokubuyisela amandla enesihlungi se-HEPA
2.Ibhokisi le-UVC + photocatalysis filter air disinfection
3.Isihlanzi somoya esisha sobuchwepheshe obusha esifinyelela ku-99.9% izinga lokubulala amagciwane
4.Izixazululo zokubulala amagciwane emoyeni ezenziwe ngokwezifiso
I-Bibliography of Citations
http://www.ahrinet.org/App_Content/ahri/files/RESOURCES/Anatomy_of_a_Heathy_School.pdf
e Iwebhusayithi ye-ASHRAE COVID-19 Preparedness Resources
https://www.ashrae.org/file%20library/technical%20resources/covid-19/martin.pdf
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/guidance-business-response.html
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-01-2020