Vesainzi nevezvematongerwo enyika vanoti takatarisana nedambudziko renyika nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Asi ndehupi humbowo hwekudziya kwepasi uye tinoziva sei kuti kuri kukonzerwa nevanhu?
Tinoziva sei kuti nyika iri kuramba ichidziya?
Nyika yedu yanga ichidziya nekukurumidza kubva pakutanga kweRevolution Revolution.
Avhareji yetembiricha paPasi penyika yakakwira ingangoita 1.1C kubva muna 1850. Uyezve, imwe neimwe yemakumi mana emakore apfuura yakadziya kupfuura chero yakatangira, kubva pakati pe19th Century.
Idzi mhedziso dzinobva mukuongororwa kwemamiriyoni ezviyero zvakaunganidzwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi.Kuverengwa kwetembiricha kunounganidzwa nezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze panyika, mungarava uye nemasatelliti.
Zvikwata zvakawanda zvakazvimiririra zvesainzi zvasvika pamhedzisiro imwe chete - spike mukupisa kunopindirana nekutanga kwenguva yemaindasitiri.
Masayendisiti anogona kugadzirisazve kushanduka kwetembiricha kunyangwe kumashure munguva.
Mhete dzemiti, ice cores, nyanza sediments uye makorari zvese zvinorekodha siginecha yemamiriro ekunze apfuura.
Izvi zvinopa mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa zvakanyanya kuchikamu chezvino chekudziya.Muchokwadi, masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti Pasi rave risati rapisa zvakadaro kwemakore 125,000.
Tinoziva sei kuti vanhu ndivo vane mhosva yekudziya kwepasi?
Greenhouse magasi - anoteya kupisa kweZuva - ndiwo mubatanidzwa wakakosha pakati pekukwira kwekushisa nezviitiko zvevanhu.Iyo inonyanya kukosha icarbon dioxide (CO2), nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo mumhepo.
Tinogona zvakare kutaura kuti CO2 iri kuteya simba reZuva.Satellite anoratidza kupisa kushoma kubva kuPasi kuchitiza kuenda muchadenga kumasaisai chaiwo uko CO2 inotora simba rinopenya.
Kupisa mafuta ezvicherwa nekutema miti kunoita kuti gasi regreenhouse ribude.Mabasa ese ari maviri akaputika mushure me19th Century, saka hazvishamise kuti mumhepo CO2 yakawedzera panguva imwe chete.
Pane nzira yatinogona kuratidza nayo kuti iyi yekuwedzera CO2 yakabva kupi.Iyo kabhoni inogadzirwa nekupisa fossil mafuta ine yakasarudzika siginicha yemakemikari.
Mhete dzemiti uye chando chepolar zvese zvinorekodha shanduko mumakemikari emuchadenga.Kana vakaongororwa vanoratidza kuti kabhoni - kunyanya kubva kune zvisaririra - yakakwira zvakanyanya kubva 1850.
Ongororo inoratidza kuti kwemakore 800,000, mumhepo CO2 haina kukwira pamusoro pezvikamu mazana matatu pamiriyoni (ppm).Asi kubva kuRevolution Revolution, CO2 kusungwa kwakakwira kusvika padanho rayo razvino reanoda kusvika 420 ppm.
Mienzaniso yemakombiyuta, inozivikanwa semienzaniso yemamiriro ekunze, yakashandiswa kuratidza zvaizoitika kune tembiricha pasina huwandu hukuru hwemagasi egreenhouse anoburitswa nevanhu.
Vanoburitsa pachena kuti kungadai kwakave nekudziya kushoma kwepasirese - uye pamwe kumwe kutonhora - mukati memakore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nerimwe, dai zvinhu zvakasikwa zvanga zvichikanganisa mamiriro ekunze.
Chete kana zvinhu zvevanhu zvaunzwa ndipo mamodheru anogona kutsanangura kuwedzera kwekushisa.
Vanhu vane simba rei panyika?
Chiyero chekudziya kwePasi chakaitika kare chinofungidzirwa kukonzera shanduko dzakakosha kune nyika yakatitenderedza.
Kucherechedzwa kwepasirese kwekuchinja uku kunoenderana nemaitiro esainzi anotarisira kuona nekudziya kunoitwa nevanhu.Zvinosanganisira:
***Mazaya echando eGreenland neAntarctic ari kunyunguduka nekukurumidza
***Huwandu hwenjodzi dzine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze hwakawedzera nechikamu chezvishanu mumakore makumi mashanu
***Mafuta egungwa epasi rose akasimuka 20cm (8ins) muzana rapfuura uye achiri kukwira
***Skubva kuma1800s, makungwa ave kuita 40% yakawanda asidhi, inokanganisa hupenyu hwemugungwa.
Asi kwaisapisa here kare?
Pave paine nguva dzinoverengeka dzekupisa panguva yePasi yapfuura.
Makore anosvika mamiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri apfuura, semuenzaniso, tembiricha dzaive dzakakwirira zvekuti pakanga pasina mazaya echando uye zvisikwa zvakaita sengwena zvaigara kure kuchamhembe seCanada Arctic.
Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvifaniri kunyaradza munhu nokuti vanhu vakanga vasipo.Pane dzimwe nguva kare, mwero wegungwa wakanga uri 25m (80ft) wakakwirira kupfuura zvazvino.Kukwira kwe5-8m (16-26ft) kunoonekwa sekwakakwana kunyudza mazhinji emaguta emahombekombe epasirese.
Pane humbowo hwakawanda hwekutsakatika kwehupenyu mukati menguva idzi.Uye mhando dzemamiriro ekunze dzinoratidza kuti, dzimwe nguva, nzvimbo dzinopisa dzaigona kunge dzave "nzvimbo dzakafa", dzinopisa zvakanyanya kuti mhuka zhinji dzirarame.
Kuchinja-chinja uku pakati pekupisa nekutonhora kwakakonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira matenderere anoita Nyika painotenderera Zuva kwenguva yakareba, kuputika kwemakomo uye kutenderera kwemamiriro ekunze kwenguva pfupi seEl Niño.
Kwemakore akawanda, mapoka evanodanwa kuti “vanopokana” nemamiriro okunze vakakanda kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pehwaro hwesayenzi hwokudziya kwepasi.
Zvisinei, anenge masayendisiti ose anogara achidhinda mumagazini anodzokororwa nevezera rake zvino anobvumirana nezvinokonzera kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze zvino.
Chirevo chakakosha cheUN chakaburitswa muna 2021 chakati "hazvina mubvunzo kuti pesvedzero yevanhu yakapisa mhepo, nyanza nenyika".
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota ona:https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-58954530
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-20-2022