Ha re bua ka tšilafalo ea moea, ka kakaretso re nahana ka moea o ka ntle, empa ha batho ba qeta nako e sa lekanyetsoang ba le ka tlung, ha ho mohla ho kileng ha e-ba le nako e loketseng ea ho nahana ka kamano pakeng tsa bophelo bo botle le boleng ba moea oa ka hare (IAQ).
COVID-19 e hasana haholo lipakeng tsa batho ba nang le kamano e haufi.Ha o le ka matlung, ho na le moea o fokolang oa ho hasanya le ho hlapolla likaroloana tsa kokoana-hloko ha o ntšetsoa, kahoo kotsi ea ho hasana ha COVID-19 ho motho e mong ea haufi e phahame ho feta ho ba kantle.
Pele COVID-19 e fihla, ho na le boikemisetso bo fokolang ba ho sebetsana le bohlokoa ba IAQ libakeng tsa sechaba joalo ka libaesekopo, lilaeborari, likolo, resturante, hotele, joalo-joalo. Likolo li ka pele ho seoa sena.Ho se be le moea o motle oa moea ka hare ho likolo ho atile haholo, haholo meahong ea khale.
La 9 Mphalane 2020, AHRI e ile ea thakhola lets'olo la dijithale, le reretsoeng ho thusa litsamaiso tsa likolo naheng ka bophara ho ntlafatsa boleng ba moea oa kahare e le mokhoa oa ho etsa hore likolo li bolokehe.
E hlahisitse mekhoa e 5 ea ho thusa batsamaisi ba sekolo kapa matichere ho rala kapa ho ntlafatsa sistimi e tšepahalang ea sekolo sa HVAC.
1. Ho boloka lits'ebeletso ho tsoa ho mofani oa HVAC ea hloahloa le ea netefalitsoeng
Ho latela ASHARE, bakeng sa sistimi e kholo le e rarahaneng ea HVAC joalo ka e hahiloe likolong, e lokela ho boloka lits'ebeletso ho tsoa ho setsebi se tšoanelehang sa meralo, kapa mofani oa litšebeletso tse netefalitsoeng, kapa mofani oa litšebeletso tse netefalitsoeng, ho lokisa le ho leka-lekanya.Ho feta moo, litsebi tse hiriloeng ke lik'hamphani tsena li lokela ho netefatsoa ke NATE ( North American Technician Excellence) ho etsa bonnete ba hore ba koetlisitsoe haholo, ba lekoa, 'me ba na le tsebo lefapheng la HVAC.
2. Ho kenya moea
Kaha boholo ba li-conditioner ha li fane ka moea leha e le ofe o hloekileng, empa ho e-na le hoo li khutlisetsa moea o ka hare le ho pholisa mocheso.Leha ho le joalo, ho hlapolloa ha litšila, ho kenyeletsoa li-aerosols tse tšoaetsanoang, ka moea o kenang ka ntle ke leano la bohlokoa la IAQ hoMaemo a ASHRAE 62.1.Boithuto bo bonts'itse hore esita le maemo a fokolang a moea o kenang kantle a ka fokotsa phetiso ea feberu ho isa boholeng ka tlwaelo e amahanngwang le sekgahla sa ente ya diperesente tse 50 ho isa ho tse 60, e leng ho etsang hore tshwaetso e fokotsehe.
3.Upgrading filters
Lentsoe le sebelisetsoang ho hlalosa ts'ebetso ea mochini oa filthara ke MERV(Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value), ha sehlopha sa MERV se phahame, ke hona ho eketsang katleho ea ho sefa.ASHRAE e khothalelitse hore litsamaiso tsa HVAC sekolong li sebelise bokhoni ba ho sefa bonyane MERV 13 le MERV14 hantle ho fokotsa phetiso ea li-aerosol tse tšoaetsanoang.Empa hajoale, boholo ba litsamaiso tsa HVAC tse nang le MERV 6-8 feela, li-filters tse sebetsang hantle haholo li hloka likhatello tse kholo tsa moea ho khanna kapa ho qobella moea ka sefahla, kahoo ho lokela ho hlokomeloa ha o eketsa ts'ebetso ea filthara tsamaisong ea HVAC ho netefatsa hore matla a teng. ea sistimi ea HVAC e lekane ho amohela lihloela tse betere ntle le ho ama hampe bokhoni ba sistimi ea ho boloka mocheso o hlokahalang oa moaho le maemo a mongobo le likamano tsa khatello ea sebaka.Setsebi se hloahloa sa HVAC se na le lisebelisoa tsa ho tseba hore na filthara e phahameng ea MERV e ka bang teng bakeng sa sistimi e ikemetseng.
4.Phekolo ea leseli la UV
The ultraviolet germicidal irradiation(UVGI) ke tšebeliso ea matla a UV ho bolaea kapa ho tima mefuta ea likokoana-hloko, libaktheria le fungal.Mahlaseli a motlakase a mahlaseli a UV a na le bolelele bo khuts'oane ho feta a khanya e bonahalang.
Ka 1936, Hart o ile a sebelisa UVGI ka katleho ho bolaea moea ka phaposing ea ho sebetsa sepetleleng sa Duke University ka ho bontša phokotso ea leqeba la ho buoa le tšoaetsanoang.
Phuputso ea bohlokoa nakong ea seoa sa maselese a 1941-1942 e bontšitse phokotso e kholo ea tšoaetso har'a bana ba sekolo sa Philadelphia ka litlelaseng moo tsamaiso ea UVGI e kentsoeng, ha e bapisoa le litlelase tsa taolo ntle le UVGI.
Sistimi ea ho thibela likokoana-hloko ea UV bakeng sa HVAC e tlatselletsa ho sefa ho tloaelehileng, Aaron Engel, moetsi oa lisebelisoa tsa boleng ba moea ka tlung oa FRESH-Aire UV o boletse, ka ho bua ka likokoana-hloko tse nyane ho lekana ho feta ka har'a lihloela.
Joalokaha ho boletsoe pampiring ea AHRI, kalafo e khanyang ea UV e ka sebelisoa e le tlatsetso ea ho sefa, ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tse phonyohang.
5. Taolo ea mongobo
Ho latela teko e phatlalalitsoeng ho koranta ea PLOS ONE e mabapi le Mongobo o Phahameng o Lebisa ho Tahlehelo ea Kokoana ea Influenza e tšoaetsanoang ho tsoa ho Silated Coughs, sephetho se bontša hore kokoana-hloko e bokelletsoeng ka metsotso e 60 e bolokile tšoaetso ea 70.6–77.3% ha mongobo o lekanyelitsoeng ≤23% empa ke 14.6–22.2 feela. % ha mongobo o lekanyelitsoeng ≥43%.
Qetellong, likokoana-hloko ha li khone ho sebetsa mehahong e nang le mongobo o pakeng tsa 40- le 60-percent.Likolo tse maemong a leholimo a pholileng li na le maemo a mongobo a tlase ho feta a nepahetseng, e leng se etsang hore li-humidifiers e be ntho e hlokahalang.
Ha feela seoa sa COVID-19 se ntse se le sechabeng 'me ho se na ente, ha ho mohla ho tla ba le kotsi ea vaerase likolong.Monyetla oa ho ata ha vaerase o ntse o le teng, ka hona, mehato ea phokotso e tlameha ho nkuoa.
Ntle le ho itloaetsa ho tloaelana le batho ba bang, ho ikakhela ka setotsoana 'meleng har'a baithuti le basebetsi, ho itloaetsa bohloeki ba matsoho, ho sebelisa limaske, le ho boloka tikoloho e phetse hantle, joalo ka ha ho etsahala likolong lefats'eng ka bophara, sistimi ea HVAC e kentsoeng hantle, e sebetsang hantle haholo, e nang le phallo ea moea e lekaneng, ho sebelisana le lisebelisoa tsa lebone la UV le selaoli sa mongobo ka sebele ho tla ntlafatsa boiketlo le polokeho ea moaho, ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho ithuta ba baithuti.
Batsoali ba batla hore bana ba bona ba khutlele hae ba sireletsehile ’me ba le boemong bo tšoanang ba ’mele ha ba isoa likolong ho tloha qalong feela.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa moea tsa Holtop bakeng sa anti-virus:
1.Ventilator ea ho khutlisa matla e nang le filthara ea HEPA
2.UVC + photocatalysis filter air disinfection box
4.Customized moea disinfection tharollo
Bibliography of Citations
http://www.ahrinet.org/App_Content/ahri/files/RESOURCES/Anatomy_of_a_Heathy_School.pdf
le webosaete ea ASHRAE COVID-19 Preparedness Resources
https://www.ashrae.org/file%20library/technical%20resources/covid-19/martin.pdf
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/guidance-business-response.html
Nako ea poso: Nov-01-2020