Tikamalankhula za kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, nthawi zambiri timaganiza za mpweya kunja, koma ndi anthu omwe amathera nthawi yochuluka kwambiri m'nyumba, sipanakhalepo nthawi yoyenera kuganizira za ubale wa thanzi ndi mpweya wamkati (IAQ).
COVID-19 imafalikira makamaka pakati pa anthu omwe amalumikizana kwambiri.Mukakhala m'nyumba, mumakhala mpweya wochepa wobalalitsa ndi kusungunula tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta virus tikatuluka, kotero chiwopsezo cha kufalikira kwa COVID-19 kwa munthu wina wapafupi ndichokwera kuposa kukhala panja.
COVID-19 isanachitike, pali kutsimikiza kocheperako kothana ndi kufunikira kwa IAQ m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri monga malo owonera makanema, malo osungiramo mabuku, masukulu, malo odyera, hotelo, ndi zina zambiri. Sukulu zili patsogolo pa mliriwu.Kupanda mpweya wabwino m'masukulu ndikofala kwambiri, makamaka m'nyumba zakale.
Pa Okutobala 9, 2020, AHRI idakhazikitsa kampeni yapa digito, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza masukulu mdziko lonse kukonza mpweya wabwino wamkati ngati njira yopangira masukulu kukhala otetezeka.
Idapereka njira zisanu zothandizira oyang'anira masukulu kapena aphunzitsi kupanga kapena kukweza kachitidwe kodalirika ka HVAC kasukulu.
1. Kusunga mautumiki kuchokera kwa wothandizira wa HVAC woyenerera komanso wovomerezeka
Malinga ndi ASHARE, pamakina akuluakulu komanso ovuta kwambiri a HVAC monga omangidwa m'masukulu, amayenera kusunga ntchito kuchokera kwa katswiri wodziwa kukonza mapulani, kapena wopereka chiphaso chovomerezeka, kapena woyezetsa, wowongolera ndi kusanja.Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri olembedwa ntchito ndi makampaniwa akuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi NATE (North American Technician Excellence) kuti awonetsetse kuti ndi ophunzitsidwa bwino, oyesedwa, komanso aluso pantchito ya HVAC.
2. Mpweya wabwino
Monga ambiri ma air conditioners samapereka mpweya wabwino, koma m'malo mwake amabwereza mpweya wamkati ndikuziziritsa kutentha.Komabe, kuchepetsedwa kwa zonyansa, kuphatikiza ma aerosols opatsirana, ndi mpweya wakunja ndi njira yofunikira ya IAQ muASHRAE Standard 62.1.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ngakhale mpweya wochepa wa mpweya wakunja ukhoza kuchepetsa kufala kwa chimfine nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi katemera wa 50 mpaka 60 peresenti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda achepe.
3.Kukweza zosefera
Mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zosefera zamakina ndi MERV(Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value), kukwezera giredi ya MERV, kumapangitsa kusefa kwabwino.ASHRAE idalimbikitsa kuti makina a HVAC kusukulu azigwiritsa ntchito bwino zosefera kukhala MERV 13 komanso mwina MERV14 kuti achepetse kufala kwa ma aerosols opatsirana.Koma pakali pano, machitidwe ambiri a HVAC omwe ali ndi MERV 6-8 okha, zosefera zapamwamba zimafuna kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa mpweya kuti ayendetse kapena kukakamiza mpweya kupyolera mu fyuluta, kotero kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa poonjezera zosefera bwino mu dongosolo la HVAC kutsimikizira kuti kachitidwe ka HVAC ndi kokwanira kutengera zosefera zabwinoko popanda kuwononga mphamvu ya dongosololi kuti nyumbayo ikhale ndi kutentha kwamkati ndi chinyezi komanso maubwenzi apakati.Katswiri woyenerera wa HVAC ali ndi zida zodziwira zosefera za MERV pamtundu uliwonse.
4.Chithandizo cha kuwala kwa UV
The ultraviolet germicidal irradiation(UVGI) ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya UV kupha kapena kuyambitsa mitundu ya ma virus, mabakiteriya, ndi mafangasi.Ma radiation a electromagnetic a UV ali ndi kutalika kwake kocheperako kuposa kuwala kowoneka.
Mu 1936, Hart adagwiritsa ntchito bwino UVGI kupha mpweya m'chipinda chachipatala cha Duke University powonetsa kuchepa kwa mabala opangira opaleshoni.
Kafukufuku wochititsa chidwi pa mliri wa chikuku wa 1941-1942 adawonetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa matenda pakati pa ana a sukulu ya Philadelphia m'makalasi omwe UVGI adayikidwa, poyerekeza ndi kulamulira makalasi opanda UVGI.
Makina ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a UV a HVAC amathandizira kusefera wamba, Aaron Engel, wopanga zida zamagetsi zamkati za FRESH-Aire UV adati, pothana ndi tizilombo tating'ono totha kudutsa zosefera.
Monga tafotokozera mu pepala la AHRI, chithandizo cha kuwala kwa UV chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera pakusefera, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timathawa.
5. Kuwongolera kwa chinyezi
Malinga ndi kuyesa komwe kudasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya PLOS ONE ya High Humidity Leads to Loss of Infectious Influenza Virus from Simulated Coughs, zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti ma virus onse omwe adasonkhanitsidwa kwa mphindi 60 amakhalabe ndi 70.6-77.3% pa chinyezi ≤23% koma 14.6-22.22 yokha. % pa chinyezi wachibale ≥43%.
Pomaliza, ma virus sagwira ntchito m'nyumba zokhala ndi chinyezi pakati pa 40- ndi 60 peresenti.Masukulu omwe ali m'malo ozizira amatha kukhala ndi chinyezi chotsika kuposa chomwe chili choyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zoziziritsa kukhosi zikhale zofunikira.
Malingana ngati mliri wa COVID-19 uli mdera lanu ndipo mulibe katemera, sipadzakhalanso chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka m'masukulu.Mwayi wofalikira wa kachilomboka ukadalipo, chifukwa chake, njira zochepetsera ziyenera kuchitidwa.
Kuphatikiza pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusamvana pakati pa ophunzira ndi ogwira ntchito, kuchita ukhondo m'manja, kugwiritsa ntchito masks, ndikusunga malo athanzi, monga momwe zimakhalira m'masukulu padziko lonse lapansi, dongosolo la HVAC lokhazikitsidwa bwino, logwira ntchito kwambiri, lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, Kuphatikizidwa ndi zida zowunikira za UV ndi chowongolera chinyezi kungapangitse kuti nyumba ikhale yabwino komanso yotetezeka, kupititsa patsogolo kuphunzira kwa ophunzira.
Makolo amafuna kuti ana awo abwere kunyumba bwinobwino ndiponso ali ndi thupi lofananalo pamene anyamulidwa kusukulu poyamba.
Zosefera za Holtop za anti-virus:
1.Makina obwezeretsa mphamvu okhala ndi fyuluta ya HEPA
2.UVC + photocatalysis fyuluta mpweya disinfection bokosi
3.Ukadaulo watsopano wothira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda wamtundu wa mpweya wotsuka mpaka 99.9%.
4.Mayankho opangira ma disinfection mpweya
Bibliography of Citations
http://www.ahrinet.org/App_Content/ahri/files/RESOURCES/Anatomy_of_a_Heathy_School.pdf
e ASHRAE COVID-19 Preparedness Resources webusayiti
https://www.ashrae.org/file%20library/technical%20resources/covid-19/martin.pdf
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/guidance-business-response.html
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-01-2020