Imakethe yephampu yokushisa yomoya ukuya emanzini (ATW) e-Italy naseYurophu iyonke ebhalisiwe ukukhula okungokomlando ngo-2021. Izinto ezimbalwa ezidale ukukhuphuka kwevolumu yokuthengisa kuzo zonke izingxenye.
Imakethe yase-Italy
Imakethe yephampu yokushisa yase-Italy ye-ATW izuze ukuthengiswa okumangazayo kwamayunithi angaphezu kuka-150,000 ngo-2021, isuka kumayunithi angama-57,000 ngo-2020 kanye namayunithi angaba ngu-40,000 ngo-2017.
Kuwo wonke amayunithi ayi-150,000, amasistimu ayi-hybrid, ingxenye entsha eyinselele, imele cishe amayunithi angama-62,000.Ukuthengiswa kwezinhlelo ezixubile kukhule kakhulu, ngenxa yokufana okuhle kakhulu nezinhlelo ezikhethekile zokugqugquzela ezethulwe uhulumeni wase-Italy zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ezakhiweni, ngokuvamile okusekelwe ezintweni ezintathu ezilandelayo, ezivame ukunikezwa njengohlelo oluhlukile, oluchazwa ngokuthi:
Kuwo wonke amayunithi ayi-150,000, amasistimu ayi-hybrid, ingxenye entsha eyinselele, imele cishe amayunithi angama-62,000.Ukuthengiswa kwezinhlelo ezixubile kukhule kakhulu, ngenxa yokufana okuhle kakhulu nezinhlelo ezikhethekile zokugqugquzela ezethulwe uhulumeni wase-Italy zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ezakhiweni, ngokuvamile okusekelwe ezintweni ezintathu ezilandelayo, ezivame ukunikezwa njengohlelo oluhlukile, oluchazwa ngokuthi:
Ingxenye 1: Ijeneretha yokushisa ebamba igesi ephuma ngokuvamile ezixazululweni zamabhayela ajiya;
Ingxenye 2: Iphampu yokushisa ye-ATW eqhutshwa ngogesi ekwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokushisisa isikhala nokupholisa isikhala futhi engakhiqiza amanzi ashisayo asekhaya (DHW);
Ingxenye 3: Isistimu yokulawula emaphakathi, ngokuvamile ehlanganiswe ngokugcwele, ekwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele zonke izingxenye ngogesi nange-elekthronikhi, ekhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle kakhulu/obusebenza kahle kakhulu, isb ukusebenzisa ijeneretha yokushisa ebamba igesi lapho amazinga okushisa omoya wangaphandle ephansi kakhulu. , kanye nokusebenzisa ijeneretha yepompo yokushisa ikakhulukazi lapho amazinga okushisa angaphandle evumela ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla kagesi adingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe iphampu yokushisa.
I-Italy ingenye yezimakethe ezinkulu zokushisa eYurophu.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Italy ibilokhu iphromotha ukushisisa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ngokwengxenye ngenxa ye-European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) yowezi-2018/844/EU echibiyela i-Directive 2010/31/EU mayelana nokusebenza kwamandla kwezakhiwo kanye ne-Directive 2012/27/ I-EU ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kanye ne-Directive 2018/2001/EU mayelana nokukhuthazwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla avela emithonjeni evuselelekayo.Ikakhulukazi, amaphampu okushisa e-ATW, okuhlanganisa kokubili izinhlobo ze-monobloc nezinhlobo ezihlukene, ezinamathangi ahlanganisiwe noma ngaphandle kwawo ahlanganisiwe, abelokhu anda.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasistimu ayingxube athuthuka ngokushesha, ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo okungukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile kanye nenhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bephampu yokushisa ye-ATW kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuvutha bendabuko.Esigabeni sesistimu ye-hybrid, njengenjwayelo, abakhiqizi base-Italy babonisa ikhono labo lokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezinguquko zemakethe, babe ngokushesha abaholi ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengisweni kwale mikhiqizo.
Qaphela: Idatha yemakethe ye-Italian ATW kulesi sigaba isuselwe kunhlolovo ye-Assoclima kumakethe ye-Italian heat, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) eyethulwa e-Milan, e-Italy, ngoMashi 25, 2022.
Imakethe YaseYurophu
Amathemba ka-2022
E-Europe iyonke, imakethe yephampu yokushisa ibikhombisa ukuthambekela okuhle kakhulu muva nje.Ngokusho kwamazwana kaThomas Nowak, unobhala-jikelele we-European Heat Pump Association (EHPA), akhona amathuba okuthi imakethe yepompo lokushisa e-European Union (EU) inamandla okukhula ngama-20 kuye kwangama-25% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2022. Lokho kuzoba amayunithi engeziwe angu-500,000 amaphampu okushisa, njenge-air-to-air (ATA), ATW, nezinhlobo ze-geothermal, azosetshenziselwa ukushisisa isikhala nokushisisa amanzi.
Izinselelo Zemakethe
Imakethe yephampu yokushisa ye-EU okwamanje ibhekene nezinselelo ezithile ezifana nokushoda kwama-semiconductors nezinye izingxenye, kanye nokushoda okungenzeka esikhathini esizayo kochwepheshe abanamakhono.
Iningi lalezi zinselelo zingaxazululwa nge-European Chips Act ehlanganisa izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwe-EU kokuhlinzekwa, ukuqina, nobuholi bezobuchwepheshe kubuchwepheshe be-semiconductor kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye ne-#Skills4climate ehlose ukuqeqesha ochwepheshe abanamakhono oguquko oluluhlaza nolwedijithali. .
Nokho, udaba lwezindleko luhlala lukhona.Ngokwesibonelo, amanani ethusi, i-aluminium, insimbi nezinye izinsimbi abelokhu ekhuphuka kakhulu.Ukuze ugcine amanani amaphampu okushisa ethengeka, zonke izindlela ezifanele ziyadingeka.Izintengo zamandla nazo ziyenyuka.Abanye ohulumeni bakhokhisa izintela eziphakeme kugesi kunamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi basaxhasa amandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukabi lula uku-oda iphampu yokushisa.Abasebenzisi badinga ukukhuluma nochwepheshe abaningi futhi bathole uxhaso.
Ngakho-ke, inselele inkulu kakhulu kunokwengeza umthamo wokukhiqiza.Indlela yesikhathi eside iyadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe imakethe yephampu yokushisa yaseYurophu kanye neyomhlaba wonke enomgomo omkhulu wokuqeda ikhabhoni egcwele yokushisisa nokupholisa ezakhiweni.
Amazinga Awonga Amandla
Amaphampu okushisa adinga ukufinyelela emazingeni athile okusebenza ukuze athole izikhuthazo ezweni ngalinye laseYurophu.Kusukela kulo mbono futhi, ukusebenza kokulondoloza amandla kwamaphampu okushisa kuye kwaba iphuzu elibalulekile kubakhiqizi.
Ngokuqondene nezilinganiso zokusebenza zamaphampu okushisa, izindinganiso eziningi zase-Europe zamukela isilinganiso sesizini sokusebenza kahle kwamandla (SEER) kanye ne-coefficient yesizini yokusebenza (SCOP), ukusuka esilinganisweni sokonga amandla (EER) kanye ne-coefficient of performance (COP).Izindinganiso zangaphambilini zihlanganisa i-EN 14825: Ama-air conditioner, amaphakheji okupholisa uketshezi namaphampu okushisa, anama-compressor aqhutshwa ngogesi, okushisisa nokupholisa isikhala - Ukuhlola nokulinganisa ngokwengxenye yezimo zomthwalo nokubalwa kokusebenza kwesizini', kuyilapho amazinga akamuva ahlanganisa 'EN 14511: Ama-air conditioners, amaphakheji okupholisa uketshezi namaphampu okushisa anama-compressor aqhutshwa ngogesi wokushisisa isikhala nokupholisa kanye nama-condizer acubungula, anama-compressor aqhutshwa ngogesi - Ingxenye 1: Imigomo nezincazelo'.
Mayelana nokubala kwe-SCOP, nge-EN 14825, iphampu yokushisa kufanele ihlolwe ochungechungeni lwamazinga okushisa ahambisana nezinga lokushisa elichazwe ku-EN 14511. Isibonelo samazinga okushisa okuhlola amaphampu okushisa e-ATW ezindaweni ezahlukene zesimo sezulu sinikezwe kuThebula. 1. Mayelana nezindawo zokuhlola zokulebula amandla ase-Europe kanye nezidingo eziyisisekelo, kuwo wonke amaphampu okushisa, i-SCOP yephrofayili yesimo sezulu esimaphakathi iyisibopho, kuyilapho ingeyokuzithandela ezindaweni ezifudumele nezibandayo.
Izilawuli ezihlakaniphile nabashayeli manje badlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwesizini kwamaphampu okushisa e-ATW, ngokuphatha ukusebenza kahle kwawo okuphezulu kwamandla phakathi nokusebenza konyaka wonke.
Kunamathrendi amabili ayinhloko kuzilawuli zephampu yokushisa namashayeli: indlela ye-modular kanye nendlela efunwa kakhulu.Endabeni yendlela ye-modular, abalawuli nabashayeli badalwa njengamaphakheji omkhiqizo ahlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zamakhasimende.Ezindleleni ezidingeka kakhulu, izilawuli nabashayeli baklanywa ngokuqondile futhi bahambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende, kusukela ezintweni ezijwayelekile.
Amanothi
1) I-Pdesignh: Umthwalo wokupholisa/ukushisa okumenyezelwe
2） Tbivalent: Izinga lokushisa eliphindwe kabili elisho izinga lokushisa langaphandle (°C) elimenyezelwe umenzi ukuthi lishise lapho umthamo omenyezelwe ulingana nengxenye yomthwalo futhi ngaphansi kwawo umthamo omenyezelwe kufanele wengezwe ngomthamo we-heater kagesi ukuze kubhekwane nayo ingxenye yomthwalo wokushisa.
3） I-Tol: Izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe lomsebenzi elisho izinga lokushisa langaphandle (°C) elimenyezelwe umkhiqizi ukuthi lishise, lapho isipholile esingeke sikwazi ukuletha noma imuphi umthamo wokushisisa ngaphansi kwawo.Ngaphansi kwaleli zinga lokushisa, umthamo omenyezelwe ulingana noziro.
Umthombo: I-Danish Energy Agency
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, sicela uvakashele:https://www.ejarn.com/detail.php?id=70744&l_id=
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-23-2022