I-air-to-water (ATW) imakethi yempompo yobushushu e-Itali naseYurophu iyonke ebhalisiweyo yohlumo lwembali ngo-2021. Izinto ezininzi zenze ukwanda kwexabiso lentengiso kuwo onke amacandelo.
Imarike yaseItali
Imakethi yempompo yobushushu yaseItali ye-ATW iphumelele ukuthengisa okumangalisayo kweeyunithi ezingaphezu kwe-150,000 ngo-2021, ukusuka kwiiyunithi ezingama-57,000 ngo-2020 kunye neeyunithi ezingama-40,000 ngo-2017.
Kuzo zonke iiyunithi ze-150,000, iinkqubo ezixubileyo, icandelo elitsha elingumngeni, elimele malunga neeyunithi ze-62,000.Ukuthengiswa kweenkqubo zomhlanganiselwa kunyuke kakhulu, ngenxa yomdlalo olungileyo kakhulu kunye nezicwangciso ezikhethekileyo zenkuthazo ezisungulwe ngurhulumente wase-Italiya ukomeleza ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwizakhiwo, ngokwesiqhelo kusekwe kula macandelo mathathu alandelayo, ahlala ebonelelwa njengenkqubo eyodwa, echazwa njenge:
Kuzo zonke iiyunithi ze-150,000, iinkqubo ezixubileyo, icandelo elitsha elingumngeni, elimele malunga neeyunithi ze-62,000.Ukuthengiswa kweenkqubo zomhlanganiselwa kunyuke kakhulu, ngenxa yomdlalo olungileyo kakhulu kunye nezicwangciso ezikhethekileyo zenkuthazo ezisungulwe ngurhulumente wase-Italiya ukomeleza ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwizakhiwo, ngokwesiqhelo kusekwe kula macandelo mathathu alandelayo, ahlala ebonelelwa njengenkqubo eyodwa, echazwa njenge:
Icandelo 1: I-gas-fired condensing heat generator ethathwe ngokuqhelekileyo kwizisombululo zebhoyila;
Icandelo 2: Impompo yobushushu eqhutywa ngombane ye-ATW enokubonelela ngokufudumeza indawo kunye nokupholisa indawo kwaye inokuvelisa amanzi ashushu asekhaya (DHW);
Icandelo lesi-3: Inkqubo yolawulo esembindini, ehlala idityaniswe ngokupheleleyo, ikwazi ukulawula ngokupheleleyo onke amacandelo ngombane nange-elektroniki, ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kobona buchwepheshe busebenza kakuhle/obona busebenza kakuhle, umz. ukusebenzisa ijenereyitha yobushushu obubaswa ngegesi xa amaqondo obushushu omoya angaphandle ephantsi ngokugqithisileyo. , kunye nokusebenzisa i-generator yempompo yobushushu ikakhulu xa amaqondo obushushu angaphandle avumela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla ombane ayimfuneko ukuqhuba impompo yobushushu.
I-Itali yenye yeemarike ezinkulu zokufudumeza eYurophu.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-Italiya ibikhuthaza ukufudumeza kwamandla avuselelekayo, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yoMyalelo wokuSebenza waMandla oMmandla weZakhiwo (EPBD) ka-2018/844/EU ulungisa uMyalelo we-2010/31/EU malunga nokusebenza kwamandla kwizakhiwo kunye noMyalelo we-2012/27/ I-EU ekusebenziseni amandla kunye ne-Directive 2018/2001/EU ngokukhuthazwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla avela kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo.Ngokukodwa, iimpompo zokushisa ze-ATW, ezibandakanya zombini i-monobloc kunye neentlobo ezihlukeneyo, kunye okanye ngaphandle kweetanki zamanzi ashushu ezidibeneyo, ziye zanda.Ukongeza, iinkqubo ezixubeneyo ziphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo, oko kukuthi itekhnoloji ehlakaniphile kunye nendibaniselwano yetekhnoloji yempompo yobushushu ye-ATW kunye nobuchwepheshe bokutsha bemveli.Kwicandelo lenkqubo ye-hybrid, njengesiqhelo, abavelisi baseTaliyane babonisa ukukwazi kwabo ukulungelelanisa ngokukhawuleza utshintsho lweemarike, babe ngabakhokeli ngokukhawuleza kwimveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kwezi mveliso.
Phawula: Idatha yemarike ye-Italian ye-ATW kweli candelo isekwe kuphando lwe-Assoclima kwimakethi yase-Italian yokufudumeza, ukungena komoya, kunye ne-air conditioning (HVAC) eyathi yanikezelwa eMilan, e-Italiya, nge-25 kaMatshi, ngo-2022.
Imarike yaseYurophu
Amathemba ka-2022
EYurophu iyonke, imakethi yempompo yobushushu ibonisa indlela entle kakhulu mva nje.Ngokutsho kwamazwana kaThomas Nowak, unobhala jikelele we-European Heat Pump Association (EHPA), kukho amathuba ekhonkrithi ukuba imarike yempompo yokufudumala kwi-European Union (EU) inamandla okukhula nge-20 ukuya kwi-25% ngonyaka kwi-2022. Oko kuya kuba ziiyunithi ezongezelelweyo ezingama-500,000 zeempompo zobushushu, ezifana ne-air-to-air (ATA), i-ATW, kunye neentlobo ze-geothermal, ezisasazwe ukufudumeza indawo kunye nokufudumeza kwamanzi.
Imingeni yeMarike
Imakethi yempompo yobushushu ye-EU ngoku ijongene nemingeni efana nokunqongophala kwee-semiconductors kunye namanye amacandelo, kunye nokunqongophala okunokubakho kwabasebenzi abanezakhono.
Uninzi lwale mingeni ingasonjululwa nguMthetho weChips waseYurophu oquka amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwe-EU lonikezelo, ukomelela, kunye nobunkokeli bobuchwephesha kubuchwephesha be-semiconductor kunye nokusetyenziswa, kunye #Skills4climate ejolise ekuqeqesheni iingcali ezinezakhono zotshintsho oluluhlaza kunye nedijithali. .
Nangona kunjalo, umba weendleko uhlala uhleli.Ngokomzekelo, amaxabiso obhedu, ialuminiyam, intsimbi, nezinye iintsimbi aye anda kakhulu.Ukugcina amaxabiso eempompo zobushushu afikelelekayo, zonke iindlela ezifanelekileyo ziyafuneka.Amaxabiso amandla nawo ayenyuka.Abanye oorhulumente babeka irhafu ephezulu kumbane ngaphezu kwamandla efosili kwaye basaxhasa ngenkxaso yefosili.
Ukongeza, akukabi lula uku-odola impompo yobushushu.Abasebenzisi kufuneka bathethe neengcali ezininzi kwaye bafumane inkxaso-mali.
Kungoko, umceli mngeni mkhulu kakhulu kunokongeza nje umthamo wokuvelisa.Indlela yexesha elide iyadingeka ukwakha iYurophu kunye nemarike yempompo yokufudumala yehlabathi kunye nenjongo yokugqibela ye-decarbonization epheleleyo yokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa kwizakhiwo.
IMigangatho eSebenzayo ngoMbane
Iimpompo zokushisa kufuneka zifikelele kumanqanaba athile okusebenza ukufumana inkuthazo kwilizwe ngalinye laseYurophu.Ukususela kulo mbono ngokunjalo, ukusebenza kokugcina amandla kwiimpompo zokushisa kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo kubavelisi.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimilinganiselo yokusebenza yeempompo zobushushu, imigangatho emininzi yaseYurophu ithatha umlinganiselo wexesha lonyaka wokonga amandla (SEER) kunye ne-coefficient of performance of performance (SCOP), ukusuka kumlinganiselo wokonga amandla (EER) kunye ne-coefficient of performance (COP).Imigangatho yangaphambili ibandakanya i-EN 14825: Izilungisi zomoya, iipakethi zokupholisa ulwelo kunye neempompo zobushushu, ezineecompressor eziqhutywa ngombane, zokufudumeza indawo kunye nokupholisa - Uvavanyo kunye nokulinganisa ngokwenxalenye yeemeko zomthwalo kunye nokubalwa kokusebenza kwexesha lonyaka', ngelixa imigangatho yamva ibandakanya 'EN I-14511: I-air conditioners, iipakethi zokupholisa ulwelo kunye neempompo zobushushu ezinecompressor eziqhutywa ngombane zokufudumeza indawo kunye nokupholisa kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa, ezineecompressors eziqhutywa ngumbane-Icandelo 1: Imiqathango kunye neenkcazo '.
Ngokumalunga nokubalwa kwe-SCOP, kunye ne-EN 14825, impompo yobushushu kufuneka ivavanywe kuthotho lwamaqondo obushushu ahambelana namaqondo obushushu achazwe kwi-EN 14511. Umzekelo wovavanyo lobushushu kwiimpompo zobushushu ze-ATW kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu unikwe kwiThebhile. 1. Ngokubhekiselele kumanqaku okuvavanya ukubhaliswa kwamandla aseYurophu kunye neemfuno ezincinci, kuzo zonke iimpompo zokushisa, i-SCOP ye-Avareji yeprofayili yemozulu inyanzelekile, ngelixa livolontiya kwiindawo ezifudumele kunye ne-Colder.
Abalawuli abakrelekrele kunye nabaqhubi ngoku badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwexesha leempompo zobushushu ze-ATW, ngokulawula amandla abo aphezulu ngexesha lomsebenzi wonyaka wonke.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili kubalawuli bempompo yobushushu kunye nabaqhubi: indlela yemodyuli kunye nendlela yokufunwa.Kwimeko yendlela yemodyuli, abalawuli kunye nabaqhubi badalwa njengeephakheji zemveliso ezihlangabezana kakuhle neemfuno zabathengi.Kwiindlela ezifunekayo, abalawuli kunye nabaqhubi bayilwe ngokukodwa kwaye balungelelaniswe ngokweemfuno zabathengi, ukuqala kwizinto eziqhelekileyo.
Amanqaku
1) I-Pdesignh: Ukupholisa okuxeliweyo / ukufudumeza umthwalo
2） Tbivalent: Iqondo lobushushu elibivalent elithetha ubushushu bangaphandle (°C) elibhengezwe ngumvelisi ukufudumeza apho umthamo ochaziweyo ulingana nenxalenye yomthwalo kwaye ngaphantsi apho umthamo ochaziweyo kufuneka uxhaswe ngombane ogcina ubushushu bombane ukuze ulungise inxalenye yomthwalo wokufudumeza.
3） I-Tol: Iqondo lokushisa elilinganiselweyo lokusebenza elithetha ubushushu bangaphandle (°C) obuchazwe ngumvelisi ukufudumeza, apho i-air conditioner ayiyi kukwazi ukuhambisa naluphi na umthamo wokufudumeza.Ngaphantsi kobu bushushu, umthamo ochaziweyo ulingana no-zero.
Umthombo: Danish Energy Agency
Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe, nceda undwendwele:https://www.ejarn.com/detail.php?id=70744&l_id=
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-23-2022