Ngenxa yezinyathelo eziwujuqu nezisebenzayo ezithathiwe, i-China isilawule ubhubhane, impilo isibuyele kwesejwayelekile futhi umnotho usebenza ngokujwayelekile.Kodwa-ke, lolu bhubhane lusaqhubeka emhlabeni wonke, izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula zidinga ukwenziwa ngokwejwayelekile.Idizayini kanye nezinyathelo eziphikisanayo zokusebenza kwesistimu ye-air-conditioning esikhathini sangemva kobhubhane e-China kuye kwavusa ukucabanga kwabantu, ngakho-ke ingxoxo engezansi mayelana nemibono ehlukene kanye nezinyathelo zizoba usizo ekumisweni okujwayelekile kokuvimbela ubhubhane esikhathini esizayo.
Uma kubhekwa ukulawulwa kwemvelo kokuvikela nokulawula ubhubhane kuhlukile kulokho kwama-air conditioner anethezekile ezakhiweni zomphakathi okungezona ezezokwelapha, lesi sihloko asichazi ngezinyathelo zokulwa nesistimu ye-air-conditioning ngesikhathi sangemuva kobhubhane ngokuhlelekile, kodwa ukubeka dlulisa ukukhathazeka okuthile ngenjongo yezinyathelo zokuphikisa, kanye nezinjongo zokuvimbela nokulawula zesistimu yokupholisa umoya esikhathini sangemva kobhubhane ukuze uthole inkomba yakho.
- Okufanelekileukubekaekusakazeni inoveli coronavirus
IDukuxilonga kanyeTukulungiswa kweNi-ovelCi-oronavirusPi-neumonia(inguqulo yesilingo 8), ekhishwe ngo-Agasti 19, 2020, ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi i-coronavirus yenoveli isakazwa kakhulu ngamaconsi okuphefumula kanye nokuxhumana okuseduze, kanye nokuxhumana nento etheleleke ngegciwane.Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside endaweni evalekile enokugxila okuphezulu kwama-aerosol nakho kungaholela ekudluliselweni kwe-aerosol."Ngenxa yenoveli i-coronavirus ingahlukaniswa nendle nomchamo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuyivimba ukuthi ingangcolisi imvelo futhi iholele ekudluliselweni kokuxhumana noma ukudluliselwa kwe-aerosol."okusisiza ukuthi sibone umzila wokudlulisela we-COVID-19 ngendlela efanele.Kubuye kuqinisekiswe inani elikhulu lamacala okutheleleka phakathi nalolu bhubhane.Ukugqoka imaski, ukugcina ibanga lomphakathi kanye nokugeza izandla kuye kwaqashelwa njengezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuvikela nokulawula ubhubhane.
Imvamisa, uma leli gciwane linokudluliswa komoya okuhle kanye nokusabalalisa, lingahlakazwa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwesenzo sokugeleza komoya, futhi lihlanjululwe ngasikhathi sinye, khona-ke ukugcwala kwegciwane kuzoqhubeka kuncipha, ngenxa yalokho, umthamo omncane kuphela wamabhaktheriya ongakwazi. zisakazwe ngomoya.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlayiya ezihlakazekile ezithwelwe ngamagciwane antanta emoyeni, amandla ayo azoba buthakathaka ngokushesha ngenxa yokuchayeka ekushiseni, umswakama kanye nokukhanya kwe-UV, ngaphandle uma inamandla amakhulu (noma ingaphila isikhathi eside emoyeni) .Abukho ubufakazi obutholakele bokuthi i-COVID-19 inalezi zici ezimbili ezingenhla kuze kube manje.Kungashiwo ukuthi i-COVID-19 inethuba elincane lokudluliselwa ngomoya ngezinga elilinganiselwe, ithuba lokutheleleka ngomoya lincane kakhulu.I-WHO isakholelwa ukuthi i-aerosol ye-SARS-CoV-2 ingase isabalale endaweni lapho ingenawo umoya noma ivaliwe, kodwa akuyona indlela eyinhloko, nakuba incwadi evulekile esayinwe yizazi ezingama-239 ezivela emazweni angama-32 ngoJulayi 6 yanyatheliswa kujenali. izifo ezithathelwanayo zomtholampilo (i-Oxford University Journal).
Njengoba umthamo wezifo emoyeni akwanele ukudlulisa, futhi amaconsi akakwazi ukuntanta isikhathi eside ukuze asakaze ibanga elide, khona-ke izenzakalo eziningana zokudlulisela okuphezulu kubhubhane okukhulunywe ngazo encwadini evulekile ziyadida.Ngakho-ke, siphakamisa i-hypothesis yokudluliselwa kwamafu e-aerosol.Ifu le-aerosol wukugeleza kwezigaba ezimbili ze-vapor-liquid, okungabonakali ngamehlo.
Isimo sefu le-aerosol singenza amaconsi aqukethe izinhlayiya zegciwane antante, azobe ekhukhuleka ngokugeleza komoya.Umzila nesiqondiso sokudluliswa kwayo kucace kakhulu.
Ifu le-aerosol lingaqoqa izinhlayiya zegciwane, okunzima ukulisabalalisa futhi lidlulise, ngesikhathi sokusinda eside, ngakho-ke kulula ukuqongelela inani elikhulu legciwane endaweni futhi ugcine umthamo wokutheleleka isikhathi eside ebangeni elide.Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukwakheka kwefu le-aerosol kuhlobene nezici ezifana nemvelo evaliwe yasendlini, ukungena komoya okuncane, ukuminyana kwabasebenzi okuphezulu, umswakama ophezulu(Fig.1), nosayizi wamaconsi, njll. Khona-ke i-hypothesis yefu le-aerosol ingakuchaza kahle lokhu. super transmission imicimbi.Imibono efanayo ingabuye itholakale kumadokhumenti angaphandle (Fig 3.), nakuba izincazelo nezincazelo zihluka.Izici zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokungcoliswa komhlaba zingathinta ikhono lokusinda kwegciwane ku-COVID-19, ngokulimaza amaprotheni alo ebusweni kanye nolwelwesi lwe-lipid.Ithiyori yamanje iphakamisa ukuthi ukuzinza kwayo kuzothuthukiswa kumswakama ophezulu (≥80%) (Fig.1).
Fig.1 Ukuhlobana phakathi kwesikhathi sempilo yamaconsi egciwane kanye nobubanzi bezinhlayiyana kanye nomswakama ohlobene.
Fig.2 Amadayimitha amaconsi kanye nebanga lokudlulisela kwawo
Umfanekiso 3 Ukuthimula, ukukhwehlela, ifu elikhipha umoya kanye nebanga lokudlulisela
2.Izinyathelo zokulwa nomoya-isistimu ye-conditioning eposini-inkathi yomqedazwe
Ngenxa yendlela yokuvimbela nokulawula amagciwane kanye nezidingo zokulawulwa kwemvelo yasendlini kanye nezinyathelo zobhubhane zihlukile kulezo ze-air conditioner ezikhululekile, ngakho-ke indlela yokulawula amagciwane ayinakuqondwa ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni okunengqondo kanye nomqondo ovamile.
2.1 Gxila ekulawuleni ukudluliswa kwamafu e-aerosol
Ukulawulwa kokusabalala kwe-COVID-19 emoyeni ongaphakathi akufani nokulawulwa kokudluliselwa kwefu le-aerosol.
Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ifu le-aerosol linomoya omuhle olandela ukusebenza, umzila omncane wokudlulisa kanye nesiqondiso esicacile.
Ngokungafani nokudluliswa komoya, okungadlulisa kabanzi futhi kugcwele indawo yonke.Ifu le-aerosol likhukhuleka nomoya liye eduze kwezitho zokuphefumula zabantu ezisengozini (Fig.4), ezingahogelwa futhi zibangele ukutheleleka, ngisho noma zigcinwe endaweni ephephile yomphakathi.Ukungaqiniseki kokudluliswa kwamafu e-aerosol kudalule ukungahleleki kokungenwa yigciwane, okubekela inselele ithiyori yethu yendabuko ekungeneni komoya noma ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni ukutheleleka, njengebanga eliphephile lomphakathi, ukuvikelwa komuntu siqu, isikhathi sokuchayeka, ubungozi noma amathuba okutheleleka.
Fig. 4 I-aerosol cloud transmission simulation
Ngokombono wokulawula ukudluliswa kwefu le-aerosol, kunezindlela ezintathu:
1) Ukugwema ukukhiqizwa kwamafu e-aerosol kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu, yokunciphisa ukuvela kwawo (njengokugqoka izifihla-buso, ukulawula ukuminyana kwabasebenzi, ukumisa amaconsi ngokushesha ngokugeleza komoya ongaphakathi) kanye nokugcina umoya omuhle wasendlini (ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwangaphakathi nokugwema umswakama ongaphakathi endlini). ukuqongelela).
2) Uma ifu le-aerosol selakhiwe, ukungaqiniseki kokudluliselwa kanye nokungahleliwe kokutheleleka kubonakala kungaphezu kwamandla.Eqinisweni, indlela elula yokuvimba ukudluliswa kwefu le-aerosol ukugwema ukugeleza komoya ovundlile endlini, futhi uyiphoqe ukuthi ihlale phansi ngokushesha bese ikhishwa endaweni ekhipha umoya ekhiphayo ephansi(yokubuyisela) ngaphansi kwesenzo sokungenisa umoya.
3) Indlela elula yokuqeda ukudluliswa kwefu le-aerosol ukuhlakaza ifu le-aerosol ngamandla angaphandle, ukugeleza komoya komoya kuzophazamisa noma kuhlakaze ifu le-aerosol, inqobo nje uma izinhlayiya ezithathelwanayo zahlukaniswa futhi ukugxila kwehla, akunjalo. ezithathelwanayo.Yiqiniso, ukunciphisa izinga lomswakamo wasendlini ukuya ku-40% -50% kuyindlela yokulawula, kodwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla amakhulu.
2.2 Gxila ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni amagciwane
Umqondo wokuvimbela nokulawula amagciwane ngesikhathi sobhubhane ufana nokulawulwa kwemvelo kwemithi nokwelashwa.Kepha kuyehluka kubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza bebhayoloji, kuyisinyathelo sokuvikela i-coronavirus endaweni enethezekile yesevisi yokupholisa umoya.Okokuqala sithola izifundo emicabangweni yokulawulwa kwemithi nezokwelapha ukuchaza umehluko phakathi kwalokho nezifudumezi-moya ezinethezekile.
| Indlela yokulawula isimo somoya | Indlela yokulawula amagciwane | |
| Indlela yokulawula | Ukulawula amapharamitha(izinga lokushisa/umswakama/ ukugxila kokungcolisa umoya) | Ukulawula ubungozi (ukunciphisa ukungcola/ ubungozi bokutheleleka) |
| Lawula amaphuzu | Ukuhlanjululwa kwegumbi lonke, gxila ekugxiliseni okumaphakathi kwegumbi lonke | Ukulawula iphuzu elingukhiye (kuhloswe kumzila wokutheleleka, njengepheshana lokuphefumula) |
| Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Airflow | Ukusabalalisa kokugeleza komoya okuningi kuvunyelwe. | Faka umoya kusuka phezulu bese ubuyisela umoya phansi, amagciwane ahlala futhi aphuma. |
| Isikhathi sokuchayeka | Asikho isicelo | Nciphisa isikhathi sokuchayeka |
| Lawula | Ukulawula inani(lawula ukunemba kwezinga lokushisa.&umswakama) | Ukulawula ubukhulu (umthamo wokutheleleka, hhayi umehluko wenombolo) |
| Ukulungisa nokulawula | Ukulawulwa kokulungiswa kwe-Lag (ukulungiswa ngemva kokuthola izinga lokushisa.&nokuchezuka komswakama) | Ukusetha umkhawulo kusenesikhathi(umthetho wangaphambilini, njengomkhawulo wesixwayiso, umkhawulo wokulungisa ukuchezuka kanye nomkhawulo wesenzo semithi) |
| Umoya omusha | Umoya omusha uthwala ukushisa okuningi, umswakama kanye nothuli, ngokuvamile wamukela umthamo omncane womoya ohlanzekile, umthamo womoya ohlanzekile oguquguqukayo ungasetshenziswa phakathi noshintsho lwesizini ngokombono wokonga amandla. | Umoya ohlanzekile awunawo amagciwane, uhlanzekile futhi usiza ekulawuleni ubhubhane, lapho umoya ohlanzekile uletha okungcono kakhulu.Umehluko wengcindezi eqhubekayo kulindeleke ukuthi uguqule ivolumu yomoya omusha, futhi ingcindezi yangaphakathi neyangaphandle ehlukile ihlala ingashintshile. |
| Ukuhlunga | Namathisela ukubaluleka ekuhlungeni komoya omusha | Naka kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga emoyeni wokuhlinzeka |
| Isikhathi sokulungiswa kokuchezuka | Asikho isicelo | Namathisela ukubaluleka esikhathini sokuzihlanza sokungcola okuguquguqukayo(isikhathi sokulungisa ukuchezuka) |
| Faka umoya | Vumela ivolumu yomoya eguquguqukayo, ukungena komoya lapho kudingeka khona kanye nokungena komoya kancane | Isilinganiso somoya esilinganisiwe ngokuvamile |
| Lungiselela idivayisi | Izidingo ezijwayelekile | Ukungafuneki okuphezulu |
| Ukulawula umehluko wengcindezi | Izidingo ezijwayelekile | Lawula i-gradient yengcindezi ehlelekile phakathi kwezifunda ezahlukahlukene |
| Izimfuneko zomuntu siqu | Asikho isicelo | Namathisela ukubaluleka ekuvikelweni komuntu siqu futhi uthuthukise ukuzivikela |
Fig.1 Umehluko phakathi kwemibono yokuvimbela nokulawula amagciwane kanye naleyo yama-air conditioner afaka umoya.
Phakathi nenkathi yangemva kobhubhane, izindlela ezintathu ezisebenzayo zokuvikela nokulawula okugqoka imaski, ukugcina ibanga lomphakathi kanye nokugeza izandla kungase kungabe zisaphoqelelwa.Kodwa ukulawula ukuminyana kwabasebenzi kusadingeka kubhekwe.I-countermeasure yesistimu ye-air conditioning esikhathini sangemva kobhubhane ukuvimbela i-coronavirus.Umehluko wendlela yokulawula ubheke kuthebula 1. Ngaphandle kokuqagela ezilinganisweni zokuvimbela zesistimu yesiphephetha-moya ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni okunengqondo noma ukuqonda okuvamile, yikuphi ukukhathazeka okufanele sikunake?Ezinye izindlela zokulwa zingahlanganiswa nesistimu ye-air-conditioning enethezekile, kodwa ezinye zingasetshenziswa kuphela njengesikimu sokulondoloza.Nazi izibonelo:
1) Ukulawula okuphelele noma ukulawulwa kwephuzu eliyinhloko
Abantu abazibandakanya ku-air conditioning basetshenziselwa ukucabangela izinto ezivela kusimo sisonke, njengokulawula imingcele yezinga lokushisa, umswakama, nokugxiliswa kwe-carbon dioxide endaweni yonke.Abantu ababamba iqhaza ekulawuleni ukutheleleka bagxila emininingwaneni nasephuzwini elibalulekile, banqamule umzila wokutheleleka ngokwezimpawu zomthombo wokutheleleka.Ngisho nemininingwane yesakhiwo sokuhlinzekwa kanye nomoya wokubuyisela kufanelekile ukunakwa.Amacala amaningi abonise ukuthi imininingwane inquma impumelelo yokwehluleka kokulawula ukutheleleka.Imininingwane izilo.
2) I-dilution yekamelo lonke noma i-in situ sedimentation
Ukungcola okukhulu kwama-air conditioner anethezekile yi-CO2, abantu bakhona yonke indawo ekamelweni, wonke umuntu angakhiqiza i-CO2, iwumthombo wendawo enkulu.Amagciwane asendlini ezindaweni ezijwayelekile akhishwa iziguli ngazinye, futhi asakazeke ebangeni elifushane, kungumthombo wamaphuzu.Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokulawula azikwazi ukuhlambulula igumbi lonke ngomoya omusha ukulawula ukutheleleka kwephuzu njengokulawula kwe-CO2, futhi ayikwazi ukulawula ivolumu yomoya omusha ngenzwa ye-CO2.Amaconsi akhishwa iziguli ze-coronavirus angathelela indawo eseduze, futhi angalindi ukuthi ahlanjululwe.Lapho i-pathogen isikhishiwe, kufanele ihlaliswe phansi ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudluliswa.I-in situ settlement iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa ukuchayeka.Ukulawula ukutheleleka kwephuzu ngokudala izikhathi eziningi zomthamo womoya wasendlini ukuze uhlanjululwe akubangeli ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu kuphela, kodwa futhi kunomphumela omubi.
3) Ukuvala inzalo noma ukuhlunga
Sonke siyazi ukuthi umoya ohlanzekile awuwathwali amagciwane, futhi injongo eyinhloko yokuhlunga komoya omusha ukususwa kothuli.Uma amagciwane ekhona ekamelweni, isihlungi somoya esibuyayo kufanele sikwazi ukuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angangeni ohlelweni.Kodwa-ke, ukumelana kwesihlungi se-HEPA kuphezulu kakhulu, okunzima noma okungenakwenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe ezakhiweni zomphakathi.Ngenxa yesikhala esilinganiselwe sasendlini, amaconsi akhishiwe awakwazi ukuhwamuka abe wuketshezi oluwuketshezi ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane phakathi nesikhathi esifushane, futhi ukuhlunga komoya okubuyayo ikakhulukazi ukukhipha amaconsi ngosayizi wezinhlayiya ezinkulu.Umgomo wethu wokulawula ukuvimbela amagciwane aqoqwe emkhathini, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kokuvala inzalo nokumelana nesihlungi kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izihlungi zomoya ezibuyayo.
I-athikili 7.1.11 yekhodi ye-GB 51039-2014 yokuklama izakhiwo zesibhedlela esijwayelekile ikhombisa:
Indawo yokuphuma komoya ebuyayo yesistimu ye-air-conditioning emaphakathi kanye neyunithi yekhoyili yefeni kufanele ifakwe izinto zokuhlunga ezinokumelana kokuqala ngaphansi kwe-50Pa, izinga lokuphasa lokuqala le-microorganism ngaphansi kuka-10%, futhi izinga lokudlula lesisindo se-particle ngesikhathi esisodwa ngeke libe likhulu. ngaphezu kuka-5%.
Lesi yisizathu esifanayo esenza ukuthi i-ASHRAE income i-MERV13 njengesihlungi somoya esibuyayo.Efwini le-aerosol, izihlungi azikwazi ukuhlunga kuphela ezinye izinhlayiya ezisemoyeni, kodwa futhi zihlakaza ifu le-aerosol, okwenza lingakwazi ukuba khona ezinhlelweni.
I-4) Isistimu ye-air-conditioning emaphakathi yokuvimbela noma isistimu ye-air conditioning evikelayo
Ngokomqondo wethu ovamile, isistimu ye-air-conditioning emaphakathi isebenzisa amagumbi amaningi, uma amagciwane evele ekamelweni elilodwa, amanye angangcoliswa.Ekuqaleni kwalolu bhubhane, isistimu ye-air-conditioning emaphakathi yayiyiyona nto eyinhloko ehlosiwe yokuvimbela, kuyilapho uhlelo lwe-air conditioning olumisiwe lwalungekho.
Uma umuntu onaleli gciwane esevela ezindaweni zomphakathi, igesi ayikhiphayo izodonswa ohlelweni lwe-air-conditioning, kodwa umthamo osulelekile emoyeni kufanele wehliswe ngemuva kwenqubo ye-fan egijima ngesivinini esikhulu, izihlungi eziningi, ukushisa kanye nomswakama. izingxenye zokwelapha kanye nokuhlanjululwa okuxubile komoya omusha.Ngisho noma kukhona amafu e-aerosol endlini, enesistimu yokufaka umoya emaphakathi neyomoya enikeza amagumbi amaningi, mancane amathuba okuba kubangele ukutheleleka ngegciwane.Alukho ukutheleleka okukhulu okubangelwa ukupholisa umoya okumaphakathi kuze kube manje.Kodwa-ke, isimo somoya esihlukaniselwe indawo njengesimo somoya esihlukanisayo, iyunithi yekhoyili yabalandeli, i-VRV esetshenziswa ezindaweni zokudlela, ezindaweni zokucima ukoma, amabhasi, izindawo zokuzijabulisa, iphethini yakho yokugeleza komoya izobangela ukugeleza komoya ovundlile ekamelweni, iphushe ifu le-aerosol ukuba likhukhule(Fig.4) ).
Kukhona izehlakalo ezithile zokutheleleka okuhlanganisiwe ezenzeke ngezikhathi ezithile kwezinye izindawo kusetshenziswa isiphephetha-moya esihlukaniselwe abantu ngesikhathi sobhubhane, okubuye kube yindawo ejwayelekile yokusabalala kwamafu e-aerosol.
5) Ukusatshalaliswa komfaniswano wokugeleza komoya noma ukuqukatha
Uhlelo lwe-air conditioning lugcizelela ukusabalalisa okufanayo kwezimo zokushisa nomswakama.Uma sikhuluma, umoya ohlanzekile wangaphandle uqhubeka uxubana futhi uhlanjululwe ngomoya ongaphakathi, ukugeleza komoya kusabalalisa ngokulinganayo, ngakho-ke ukugxila kwegciwane kuzoqhubeka nokwehla, kepha ukuhlaziya imininingwane yenqubo yokusabalalisa ngenye indlela, kungasiza amagciwane ukuthi asakazeke. ngobuqotho.Ngakho-ke, isiqondiso sezindaba zokusabalalisa ukugeleza komoya, yingakho indawo yokuhlanza emkhakheni wezokwelapha, wezokwelapha, we-elekthronikhi ibeka ingcindezi kuphethini yokugeleza komoya, ehlinzekwa ukusuka phezulu futhi ibuyiselwe phansi.Isebenzisa ngokugcwele indima yokuqukatha yokugeleza komoya, yenza ukungcoliswa kwendawo kuxazulule ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ikuvimbele ekukhukhuleni nasekuhlakazekeni, kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuchayeka.Ukubamba ukugeleza komoya kubaluleke kakhulu kunokusabalalisa okufanayo.Isistimu ye-air-conditioning emaphakathi ingabona kalula iphethini yokugeleza komoya ukuthi ihlinzekwe ukusuka phezulu futhi ibuyiselwe phansi, kuyilapho amayunithi okupholisa umoya ahlukaniselwe, ahlanganisa ukuphatha nokusabalalisa komoya, kunzima ukufeza.
6) Ukuvimbela ukuhlinzekwa komoya noma ukuvimbela ukuvuza
Lapho umoya osendlini usungcolisiwe, futhi ama-air-conditioner ahambisa umoya ongcolile endlini okubangele ukungcoliswa komoya kwesibili okubizwa ngokuthi ukungcola okungaqondile.
Ngokomqondo wethu ovamile, amagciwane asendlini ahlinzekwa uhlelo lwe-air-conditioning kuyinto embi kakhulu.Ingasaphathwa eyokuthi leli gciwane alikwazi ukusabalala ohlelweni lwe-air-conditioning olumaphakathi, noma lingakwazi, inqobo nje uma kukhona isihlungi somoya esisebenzayo endaweni yokukhipha umoya noma ukubuyisela umoya, kunzima ukukhipha igciwane.Ngokombono wobunjiniyela bokuhlanza, zimbalwa izehlakalo zokunukubezeka kokuvuza okubangelwa izihlungi nokufakwa kwazo ohlelweni lwamanje lokwakha nokwamukela.Kodwa-ke, ukwenyuka okungaboni kwevolumu yomoya omusha ngaphandle kokucabangela ukulawulwa komehluko wengcindezi kuzokwenza ukuthi ingcindezi ye-gradient ehlelekile ingalawuleki endaweni, futhi umoya wasendlini oqukethe ukungcola(igciwane) uzophuma ngokuqondile, ubangele izigameko zokungcola(ukutheleleka) njalo.Lolu hlobo lokunukubezeka olubangelwa ukuvuza kokungcoliswa kwendlu lubizwa ngokuthi ukunukubezeka okuqondile, okubi nakakhulu, ukuvuza komoya okungahlelekile kwenza kube nzima ukubikezela indawo yokutheleleka.Yingakho izindinganiso noma izinkambiso zokwakhiwa kwesibhedlela ekhaya noma phesheya zingadingi izihlungi zezinga eliphezulu zetheminali yokuphakelwa komoya eminyangweni eyinhloko, kodwa zigcizelela ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yesifunda ngokuhleleka kwe-gradient .
7) Ukusebenza kwezikhawu noma ukusebenza okuqhubekayo
Ukwesaba ukudluliselwa kwegciwane ohlelweni lwe-air-conditioning, ukusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile kwesistimu ye-air-conditioning kuyadingeka.Okusho ukuthi, i-air conditioner izovalwa ngemuva kokusebenza isikhathi esithile, bese kuzosebenza umoya wemvelo noma umoya omncane.Kudingeka izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngosuku okungenani imizuzu engama-30.Sonke siyazi ukuthi inani elikhulu lomoya ohlanzekile olethwayo lizolimaza indawo enethezekile yasendlini, kodwa ebesingakwazi ukuthi indawo enethezekile eyenziwe ama-air conditioner nayo ingathathwa njengesinyathelo sokulwa nobhubhane.Ukuhamba kwalolu bhubhane kukhombisa ukuthi i-COVID-19 isagcina ukutheleleka okuqinile noma ngabe izinga lokushisa liphansi noma liphezulu.Ngenkathi umsebenzi wegciwane ufinyelela ezingeni eliphansi ekamelweni lokushisa lika-22-25℃ kanye nomswakama ohlobene no-50% -60% (Fig.5).
Ukungena okuqondile komoya ohlanzekile onamandla kuphinde kucekele phansi ibhalansi yomehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwezikhala ezihlukene, okuholela ekusebenzeni ngendlela ehlelekile kokugeleza komoya okuvuzayo.
Ngakho-ke, inqobo nje uma uhlelo lwe-air-conditioning luhambisana, uhlelo lwe-air-conditioning aludingeki kuphela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, kodwa futhi luqala kusengaphambili futhi lubambezele ukuvala.Indawo ezinzile futhi elawulwayo iyisidingo sangempela sokujwayelekile kokuvikela nokulawula ubhubhane.
Fig. 5 Izinga lokusinda kwe-coronavirus yenoveli nezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama
I-8) Ukulungiswa kwe-Lag noma ukuvimbela umkhawulo
Isilawuli sesikhala se-air-conditioning sifinyelelwa inzwa yezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakamo, engalungiswa isistimu ngemva kokuba inzwa ithole ukuchezuka kwezinga lokushisa noma umswakama, inqubo enjalo ebizwa ngokuthi ukulungiswa kwe-lag.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuqhathaniswa, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama liphezulu kakhulu, isakhiwo esivalekile sasendlini nezinto zokusebenza nazo zinamandla okushisa, ngakho-ke ukuguqula izinga lokushisa lasendlini elingu-1℃ kudinga amandla amakhulu noma ngeke kuguquguquke kakhulu.
Ngisho noma izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama wezimo zomoya ezinethezekile zinezidingo zokulawula ukuchezuka okuhle nokubi, isikhathi sokulungisa ngokuvamile asikona ukukhathazeka.Lesi sici futhi siyisisekelo sokuthi ama-air conditioner anethezekile asebenzise ukulawulwa kwevolumu yomoya eguquguqukayo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, izinga lokugxilwa kothuli lincane kakhulu, ngokunganaki okuncane, ukuchezuka kwezinhlayiya kungaba yishumi nambili noma ngaphezulu kwekhulu.
Uma ukugcwala kwamabhaktheriya nothuli kudlula izinga, izinkinga zingase zenzeke.Amapharamitha kufanele abekwe ngaphansi komkhawulo ngaphambi kokuthi amagciwane nothuli kutholwe kudlulele.
Ukungenelela kuzokwenziwa uma ifika emgqeni wokuvimbela.Isikhathi esisuka lapho silungisa ukuchezuka kwebhaktheriya eningi kanye nokugxila kothuli endaweni yokubeka kubizwa ngokuthi ukuzihlanza kokungcola okuguquguqukayo.Lena ipharamitha ebalulekile yokulawula indawo elawulwayo.Kodwa-ke, kuhlobene nezidingo zokulawula zezinga lengozi yokucubungula.
9) Iwindi lokungena komoya noma ukugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa kwangaphakathi
Ukungenisa umoya ngefasitela kungase kube indlela yokuvimbela nokulawula eyongayo nephumelelayo, kodwa kunomphumela omncane endaweni enkulu.I-COVID-19 yisifo esizimele, alikho ikhambi elikhethekile.Ukuzivikela komzimba kungudokotela ongcono kakhulu kanye nokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwezokwelapha.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusebusika noma ehlobo, kuyadingeka ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele lekamelo.Yiqiniso, akukwazi ukunemba kangako ukuze ulethe umoya ohlanzekile owengeziwe.Ingalawulwa phakathi kuka-16 ℃ kuya ku-28 ℃, inqobo nje uma ingalimazi ukuzivikela komzimba wakho, njengoba ukuthuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba ngesikhathi sobhubhane kungaphezu kwakho konke.Ngesinye isikhathi, Ukugcina izinga lokushisa legumbi elizinzile kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuvula amafasitela ukuze kungene umoya.
Mayelana nefu le-aerosol, ukuguquguquka kokugeleza komoya kwesinye isikhathi kungase kube amandla aqhuba ukusabalala kwamafu e-aerosol.
10) Ukudluliselwa kunqanyuliwe noma isilinganiso sokuvimbela nokulawula
Iyini inhloso yesistimu ye-air-conditioning ethatha izinyathelo zokuphikisa esikhathini sangemuva kobhubhane?Ingabe usebenzelana neziguli ze-COVID-19 endlini?noma ukunqamula ukusakazeka kwe-COVID-19?
Esikhathini se-post-epidemic, izinyathelo eziphikisanayo zesistimu ye-air-conditioning yizinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula, ezingase zigweme noma zehlise ukwenzeka kokutheleleka okuphambene uma kuvela icala ngalinye.Izinyathelo zobunjiniyela zingathathwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukoloni, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kanye nokudluliselwa kwayo, igciwane lingalethwa kuphela iziguli kodwa lingangeniswa emoyeni wangaphandle , noma njengesikhunta namabhaktheriya akhona yonke indawo endaweni yemvelo.
Noma ngabe uhlelo lwe-air conditioning lunezinyathelo eziqinile zokuvikela, uma sekuqinisekisiwe icala le-coronavirus noma isiguli esisolwayo, indawo kufanele ivalwe futhi ama-air conditioner kufanele acishwe ngokushesha, ubike ngesikhathi esifanele ejensi lendawo yezempilo kanye nokuvimbela ubhubhane ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. , nokuhlanzwa okuphelele nokubulala amagciwane.
Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula ngokweqile ezidla amandla nemali akusizi ngalutho.Ngamafuphi, yiziphi izinhloso zesistimu ye-air-conditioning esikhathini sangemuva kobhubhane?Iyini inhloso yokulawula amagciwane?Uma ukuvikela nokulawulwa kwe-coronavirus kuseyinhloso, ukugqoka imaski, ukugcina ibanga lomphakathi kanye nokugeza izandla kuyisisekelo.Lezi zenzo zingcono kunanoma yiziphi ezinye izinyathelo ezinamandla zesistimu ye-air-conditioning uma wonke umuntu okuhlanganisa neziguli ze-COVID-19 engenza kanjalo.
Uma umgomo wokulawula kuwukuvimbela nokulawula ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya ngokuwela ngomqondo ojwayelekile, khona-ke i-GB 51039-2014 "ikhodi yokuklama isakhiwo sesibhedlela esijwayelekile" ifakwe ku-akhawunti lapho kulungiselelwa, okungukuthi, endaweni yomphakathi, singakwazi. thatha izinyathelo ezintathu okuyizinyathelo zokulawula ezivamile ezisetshenziswa endaweni yezokwelapha ezivamile, ziwukungenisa komoya okunengqondo, zinikeze umoya usuka phezulu futhi zibuyisele umoya phansi kanye nokuhlunga okufanele endaweni yokubuyisela umoya.Lezi zinyathelo ziye zafakazelwa ukuthi zingokonga, zisetshenziswa amandla aphansi, ziyasebenza futhi zivuthiwe ngokwenza eminyakeni edlule.Uma isimo sivuma, kuyenzeka ukuthi usebenzise ama-air conditioner anomehluko ongapheli wengcindezi kanye nevolumu yomoya omusha oshintshashintshayo.
3.Isiphetho
Lesi sihloko siphakamise ukuthi amaconsi okuphefumula kanye nokuxhumana eduze kuyindlela eyinhloko yokudlulisela ye-COVID-19.Kungenzeka ukuthi utheleleke nge-aerosol uma uvezwa endaweni evaliwe ene-aerosols ephezulu isikhathi eside, okufakazelwa yizigameko ezicishe zibe yizigidi ezingama-30 zokutheleleka kulo bhubhane.Ukugqoka imaski, ukugcina ibanga lomphakathi kanye nokugeza izandla kuye kwaqashelwa njengezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuvikela nokulawula ubhubhane.
Ukutheleleka okuvamise ukuhlangana kwenzeke endaweni elinganiselwe kungenzeka kubangelwa ifu le-aerosol.
Amacala akhona angakhonjwanga aphezulu angachazwa ngokunengqondo ngethiyori yokudluliswa kwamafu e-aerosol.Akunzima ukulingisa ukudluliswa kwefu le-aerosol yi-CFD, kodwa kuyize ngaphandle kokusekelwa inombolo enkulu yocwaningo lwe-epidemiological.Nakuba ukungaqiniseki nokungahleliwe kokudluliswa kwamafu e-aerosol kubekela inselele imibono engokwesiko kanye nezinyathelo zokuphikisa ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni ukutheleleka, kodwa akunzima ukulawula ukudluliswa kwamafu e-aerosol.
Isistimu ye-air-conditioning esikhathini sangemva kobhubhane kufanele kuqala inqume inhloso yezinyathelo zokulwa nezinjongo zokulawula.Kufanele kugweme ukuqagela izinyathelo eziphikisanayo nokulawula izinjongo ngokucabanga okunengqondo nomqondo ophusile.
Isistimu ye-air-conditioning engeyona eyezokwelapha esikhathini sangemva kobhubhane ingathatha izinyathelo ezintathu ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekulawuleni indawo yezokwelapha evamile, okungukuthi ukungena komoya okunengqondo, ukusatshalaliswa komoya kanye nokuhlunga okufanele komoya obuyayo.Lezi zinyathelo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, izindleko eziphansi futhi zinokwenzeka okuqinile.Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula ngokweqile azidingi.Ngegama elilodwa, izinyathelo eziphikisanayo zesistimu ye-air-conditioning esikhathini sangemuva kobhubhane kufanele zihambisane, zifanele futhi zinengqondo.
Kuthunyelwe ngu-Shen Jinming no-Liu Yanmin ku-HVAC
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-14-2020