Injongo yezinkombandlela (Blomsterberg,2000 ) [Ref 6] ukunikeza isiqondiso kubasebenzi (ikakhulukazi abaklami be-HVAC nabaphathi bezakhiwo, kodwa futhi amaklayenti kanye nabasebenzisi bezakhiwo) ukuthi bangaletha kanjani amasistimu okungenisa umoya asebenza kahle kusetshenziswa okuvamile nokusha. ubuchwepheshe.Imihlahlandlela iyasebenza ezinhlelweni zokungenisa umoya ezakhiweni zokuhlala nezokuhwebelana, futhi phakathi nawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo yesakhiwo okungukuthi ngamafuphi, ukuklama, ukwakhiwa, ukugunyazwa, ukusebenza, ukunakekelwa nokwakhiwa.
Izimfuneko ezilandelayo ziyadingeka ekwakhiweni okusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya:
- Ukucaciswa kokusebenza (ngokuphathelene nekhwalithi yomoya wasendlini, ukunethezeka kokushisa, ukonga kwamandla njll.) kucacisiwe ukuze kuklanywe uhlelo.
- Kusetshenziswa umbono womjikelezo wempilo.
- Uhlelo lokungenisa umoya lubhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yesakhiwo.
Inhloso iwukuklama uhlelo lokungenisa umoya, olufeza ukucaciswa kokusebenza okuqondile kwephrojekthi (bheka isahluko 7.1 ), kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuvamile nobusha.Idizayini yesistimu yokukhipha umoya kufanele ihambisane nomsebenzi womklamo womdwebi wezakhiwo, injini kagesi kanye nomklami wesistimu yokushisisa/yokupholisa Lokhu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isakhiwo esiphelile sinesistimu yokushisisa, yokupholisa kanye neyokungenisa umoya. isebenza kahle.Okokugcina kufanele kukhulunywe nomphathi webhilidi mayelana nezifiso zakhe.Uzoba nesibopho sokusebenza kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya iminyaka eminingi ezayo.Ngakho-ke umklami kufanele anqume izici ezithile (izakhiwo) zesistimu yokungenisa umoya, ngokuhambisana nemininingwane yokusebenza.Lezi zici (izakhiwo) kufanele zikhethwe ngendlela yokuthi isistimu iyonke izoba nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zomjikelezo wempilo ezingeni elicacisiwe lekhwalithi.Ukulungiswa kwe-economics kufanele kwenziwe kucatshangelwa:
- Izindleko zokutshala imali
- Izindleko zokusebenza (amandla)
- Izindleko zokunakekela (ukushintsha izihlungi, ukuhlanzwa kwamapayipi, ukuhlanzwa kwemishini yokugcina umoya njll.)
Ezinye zezinto (izakhiwo) zihlanganisa izindawo lapho izidingo zokusebenza kufanele zethulwe khona noma zenziwe zibe nzima kakhulu esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.Lezi zici ziyizi:
- Dizayina ngombono womjikelezo wempilo
- Ukuklama ukusetshenziswa kahle kukagesi
- Dizayina amazinga aphansi omsindo
- Idizayini yokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuphatha amandla okwakha
- Idizayini yokusebenza nokugcinwa
Dizayina ngomjikelezo wempilo umbono
Izakhiwo kumele zenziwe zisimeme okungukuthi isakhiwo kumele ngesikhathi sokuphila kwaso sibe nomthelela omncane ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni ezungezile.Okubhekelela lokhu yizigaba eziningi zabantu ezihlukene, isibonelo, abaklami, abaphathi bezakhiwo.Imikhiqizo kufanele yahlulelwe ngombono womjikelezo wempilo, lapho kufanele kuqashelwe khona yonke imithelela emvelweni phakathi nawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo.Esikhathini sokuqala umklami, umthengi kanye nosonkontileka bangakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezihambisana nemvelo.Isakhiwo siqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezihlukene ezinobude bempilo obuhlukene.Kulo mongo ukugcinwa nokuvumelana nezimo kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesib. ibhilidi lehhovisi lingashintsha izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi se-fe span yesakhiwo.Ukukhethwa kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya ngokuvamile kuthonywa kakhulu izindleko okungukuthi ngokuvamile izindleko ze-investment hhayi izindleko zomjikelezo wempilo.Lokhu kuvame ukusho uhlelo lokungenisa umoya oluvele lufeze izidingo zekhodi yokwakha ngezindleko eziphansi zokutshala imali.Izindleko zokusebenza zesib. isiphephetha-moya singaba amaphesenti angama-90 ezindleko zomjikelezo wempilo.Izinto ezibalulekile ezihambisana nemibono yomjikelezo wempilo yilezi:
Ubude bempilo.
- Umthelela wendawo.
- Isistimu yokungenisa umoya iyashintsha.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko.
Indlela eqondile esetshenziswa ekuhlaziyeni izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila ukubala inani lengqikithi yamanje.Indlela ihlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali, amandla, ukunakekelwa kanye nezindleko zemvelo phakathi nengxenye noma sonke isigaba sokusebenza sokwakha.Izindleko zonyaka zamandla, ukunakekelwa kanye nemvelo zibalwa kabusha oa izindleko njengamanje, namuhla (Nilson 2000) [Ref 36].Ngale nqubo izinhlelo ezahlukene zingaqhathaniswa.Umthelela wemvelo ezindlekweni ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ukunquma futhi ngakho-ke kuvame ukushiywa ngaphandle.Umthelela wendawo ngokwezinga elithile uyabhekwa ngokufaka amandla.Ngokuvamile izibalo ze-LCC zenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Ingxenye enkulu yomjikelezo wokuphila wokusetshenziswa kwamandla ebhilidini iphakathi nalesi sikhathi okungukuthi ukushisisa/ukupholisa isikhala, ukungena komoya, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi ashisayo, ugesi nokukhanyisa (Adalberth 1999) [Ref 25].Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kwesakhiwo siyiminyaka engama-50, isikhathi sokusebenza singabalelwa ku-80 - 85 % wengqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwamandla.I-15 - 20 % esele ingeyokukhiqiza nokuthuthwa kwempahla yokwakha nokwakhiwa.
Idizayini ukuze isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ugesi wokungenisa umoya
Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi wesistimu yokungenisa umoya ikakhulukazi kunqunywa izici ezilandelayo: • Ukwehla komfutho nezimo zokugeleza komoya ohlelweni lwemigudu
• Ukusebenza kahle kwabalandeli
• Indlela yokulawula yokugeleza komoya
• Ukulungisa
Ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kukagesi lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo zinentshisekelo:
- Lungiselela ukwakheka okuphelele kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya isib. nciphisa inani lokugoba, ama-diffuser, izinguquko zezingxenye eziphambanayo, ama-T-piece.
- Shintshela ifeni esebenza kahle kakhulu (isb. eshayelwa ngokuqondile esikhundleni sokushayelwa ibhande, injini esebenza kahle kakhudlwana, izindwani ezigobile emuva esikhundleni sokugobela phambili).
- Yehlisa ukwehla kwengcindezi kufeni yokuxhuma - i-ductwork (i-fan inlet kanye ne-outlet).
- Yehlisa ukwehla kwengcindezi ohlelweni lwe-ducts isb kuwo wonke ama-gob, ama-diffuser, izinguquko ze-cross section, ama-T-piece.
- Faka indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu yokulawula ukugeleza komoya (imvamisa noma isilawuli se-engeli ye-fan blade esikhundleni se-voltage, i-damper noma isilawuli se-vane yegayidi).
Okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi sekukonke ekungeneni komoya futhi wukungangeni komoya kombhobho, amazinga okugeleza komoya kanye nezikhathi zokusebenza.
Ukuze ubonise umehluko phakathi kwesistimu enengcindezi ephansi kakhulu yehla kanye nesistimu enezijwayezi kuze kube manje "isistimu esebenza kahle", i-SFP (amandla abalandeli abathile) = 1 kW/m³/s, yaqhathaniswa “nesistimu evamile. ”, SFP = phakathi kuka-5.5 – 13 kW/m³/s (bonaIthebula 9).Uhlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu lungaba nenani lika-0.5 (bheka isahluko 6.3.5).
| Ukwehla kwengcindezi, Pa | ||
| Isakhi | Isebenza kahle | Okwamanje ukuzijwayeza |
| Uhlangothi lomoya wokunikezela | ||
| Isistimu yamapayipi | 100 | 150 |
| Isinciphisi somsindo | 0 | 60 |
| Ikhoyili yokushisa | 40 | 100 |
| Isishintshi sokushisa | 100 | 250 |
| Hlunga | 50 | 250 |
| Itheminali yomoya idivayisi | 30 | 50 |
| Ukungenisa umoya | 25 | 70 |
| Imiphumela yesistimu | 0 | 100 |
| Exhaust air side | ||
| Isistimu yamapayipi | 100 | 150 |
| Isinciphisi somsindo | 0 | 100 |
| Isishintshi sokushisa | 100 | 200 |
| Hlunga | 50 | 250 |
| Itheminali yomoya amadivaysi | 20 | 70 |
| Imiphumela yesistimu | 30 | 100 |
| Ingqikithi | 645 | 1950 |
| Kucatshangelwa ukuthi fan ukusebenza kahle,% | 62 | 15 – 35 |
| Ifeni ethile amandla, kW/m³/s | 1 | 5.5 – 13 |
Ithebula 9 : Ukwehla kwengcindezi ebaliwe kanye ne-SFP amanani "esistimu esebenzayo" kanye "neyamanje uhlelo”.
Dizayina amazinga aphansi omsindo
Isiqalo lapho uklama amazinga aphansi omsindo ukuklama amazinga aphansi okucindezela.Ngale ndlela kungakhethwa ifeni egijima ngesivinini esiphansi sokujikeleza.Ukwehla kwengcindezi ephansi kungafezwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Isivinini somoya esiphansi okungukuthi ubukhulu bemigudu emikhulu
- Nciphisa inani lezingxenye ngokwehla kwengcindezi isb izinguquko emugqeni wamapayipi noma usayizi, ama-dampers.
- Nciphisa ukwehla kwengcindezi kuzo zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo
- Izimo ezinhle zokugeleza ezindaweni zokungena nomoya
Amasu alandelayo okulawula ukugeleza komoya afanelekile, kucatshangelwa umsindo:
- Ukulawula imvamisa yokujikeleza kwemoto
- Ukushintsha i-engeli yama-fan blades abalandeli be-axial
- Uhlobo nokukhwezwa kwe-fan nakho kubalulekile ezingeni lomsindo.
Uma isistimu yokungenisa umoya eklanywe kanjalo ingagcwalisi izidingo zomsindo, khona-ke cishe izinqamuleli zomsindo kufanele zifakwe ekwakhiweni.Ungakhohlwa ukuthi umsindo ungangena ngesistimu yokukhipha umoya isib. umsindo womoya ngamapayipi omoya angaphandle.
7.3.4 Idizayini yokusebenzisa i-BMS
Uhlelo lokuphatha isakhiwo (BMS) lwesakhiwo kanye nezinqubo zokulandelela izilinganiso nama-alamu, kunquma amathuba okuthola ukusebenza okufanele kwesistimu yokushisisa/yokupholisa kanye neyokungenisa umoya.Ukusebenza okuphelele kohlelo lwe-HVAC kudinga ukuthi izinqubo ezingaphansi zigadwe ngokwehlukana.Lokhu futhi kuvamise ukuba ukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukuhluka okuncane kusistimu yona ngokwayo engakhulisi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokwanele ukuze kusebenze i-alamu yokusetshenziswa kwamandla (ngamazinga aphezulu noma izinqubo zokulandelela).Isibonelo esisodwa izinkinga ngenjini eyifeni, engabonisi ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kagesi ekusebenzeni kwesakhiwo.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi zonke izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya kufanele zigadwe yi-BMS.Kuzo zonke ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezincane nezilula kakhulu i-BMS kufanele icatshangelwe.Kuhlelo lokuphefumula oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi olukhulu i-BMS iyadingeka.
Izinga lobuchwephesha be-BMS kufanele livumelane nezinga lolwazi labasebenzi abasebenzayo.Indlela engcono kakhulu ukuhlanganisa imininingwane enemininingwane yokusebenza kwe-BMS.
7.3.5 Idizayini yokusebenza kanye ukunakekela
Ukuze kusebenze kahle futhi kugcinwe iziyalezo ezifanele zokusebenza kanye nokulungiswa kufanele kubhalwe.Ukuze le miyalo ibe usizo izindlela ezithile kufanele zigcwaliseke ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya:
- Amasistimu obuchwepheshe kanye nezingxenye zawo kufanele kufinyeleleke ukuze kulungiswe, ukushintshana njll. Amakamelo abalandeli kufanele abe makhulu ngokwanele futhi afakwe ukukhanya okuhle.Izingxenye ngazinye (amafeni, ama-dampers njll.) zesistimu yokukhipha umoya kufanele zifinyeleleke kalula.
- Amasistimu kufanele amakwe ngolwazi mayelana nokuphakathi kwamapayipi namapayipi, indawo okugeleza kuyo njll. • Indawo yokuhlola imingcele ebalulekile kumele ifakwe.
Iziqondiso zokusebenza nokugcinwa kufanele zilungiswe ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuklama futhi ziphothulwe phakathi nesigaba sokwakha.
Bona izingxoxo, izibalo, namaphrofayela ababhali balolu shicilelo ku-: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313573886
Ibheke ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kwamasistimu okungenisa umoya ngemishini
Ababhali, okuhlanganisa:Peter Wouters, Pierre Barles, Christophe Delmotte, Åke Blomsterberg
Abanye bababhali balokhu kushicilelwa basebenza kulawa maphrojekthi ahlobene:
Ukungangeni moya kwezakhiwo
I-PASIVE CIMATIZATION: FCT PTDC/ENR/73657/2006
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-06-2021