Chinangwa chegwaro (Blomsterberg,2000) [Ref 6] ndechekupa hutungamiri kune vashandi (kunyanya HVAC-vagadziri uye vatariri vezvivakwa, asiwo vatengi nevashandisi vezvivakwa) mumagadzirirwo ekuunza masystem ekufemesa nemaitiro akanaka anoshandisa zvakajairwa uye zvitsva. michina.Nhungamiro idzi dzinoshanda kune masisitimu ekufambisa mhepo muzvivakwa zvekugara uye zvekutengesa, uye mukati mehupenyu hwese hwechivakwa kureva kupfupika, dhizaini, kuvaka, kutumwa, kushanda, kugadzirisa uye kuvaka.
Izvi zvinotevera zvinodikanwa zvinodiwa pakuita kwakavakirwa dhizaini yemhepo inofefetera masisitimu:
- Maitiro ekuita (zvine chekuita nemhando yemhepo yemukati, kunyaradza kwekupisa, kugona kwesimba nezvimwewo) zvakatsanangurwa kuti sisitimu igadziriswe.
- Maonero ekutenderera kwehupenyu anoshandiswa.
- Iyo ventilation system inoonekwa sechikamu chakakosha chechivakwa.
Chinangwa ndechekugadzira dhizaini yekufemesa, iyo inozadzisa hurongwa hwekuita kwepurojekiti (ona chitsauko 7.1), uchishandisa matekinoroji ekare uye matsva.Dhizaini yemhepo yekufefetera inofanirwa kurongeka pamwe nebasa redhizaini remugadziri wezvimiro, injini yemagetsi uye mugadziri wekudziya / kutonhora system Izvi kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekuti chivakwa chakapedzwa nekudziya, kutonhora uye kufefetera system. inoita zvakanaka.Chekupedzisira uye chisiri chidiki maneja wekuvaka anofanira kubvunzurudzwa nezvezvishuwo zvake zvehunyanzvi.Iye achava nebasa rekushanda kweventilation system kwemakore akawanda ari kuuya.Saka mugadziri anofanirwa kuona zvimwe zvinhu (zvimiro) zveiyo ventilation system, zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekuita.Izvi zvinhu (zvivakwa) zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa nenzira yekuti iyo yakazara sisitimu ichave neiyo yakaderera yehupenyu kutenderera mutengo weiyo yakatarwa yemhando.Econoca optimization inofanirwa kuitwa uchifunga nezve:
- Mari yekudyara
- Mari yekushandisa (simba)
- Mari yekuchengetedza (kuchinja kwemafirita, kucheneswa kwema ducts, kucheneswa kwemidziyo yemagetsi emhepo nezvimwewo)
Zvimwe zvezvinhu (zvivakwa) zvinovhara nzvimbo dzinofanirwa kuunzwa kana kuitwa zvakanyanya kuomarara munguva pfupi iri kutevera.Zvinhu izvi ndezvi:
- Dhizaini ine maonero ekutenderera kwehupenyu
- Dhizaini yekushandisa zvakanaka magetsi
- Dhizaini yemazinga akaderera enzwi
- Dhizaini yekushandiswa kwekuvaka simba manejimendi system
- Dhizaini yekushanda nekugadzirisa
Dhizaini ine kutenderera kwehupenyu maonero
Zvivako zvinofanirwa kuitwa kuti zvigadzikane, kureva kuti chivakwa chinofanirwa kunge chichikanganisa nharaunda munguva yehupenyu hwacho.Vane basa reizvi mapoka akati wandei evanhu semuenzaniso vagadziri, mamaneja ezvivakwa.Zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kutongwa kubva pakuona kutenderera kwehupenyu, uko kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune zvese zvinokanganisa nharaunda mukati mehupenyu hwese kutenderera.Pakutanga mugadziri, mutengi uye mugadziri anogona kuita sarudzo dzine hushamwari.Chivako chine zvikamu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana zvine hurefu hwehupenyu hwakasiyana.Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino kuchengetedza uye kuchinjika kunofanirwa kuverengerwa kureva kuti kushandiswa kwe eg chivakwa chehofisi kunogona kushanduka kakawanda panguva yefe span yechivakwa.Sarudzo yeventilation system inowanzo kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nemitengo ie kazhinji mutengo wevvestment kwete mutengo wehupenyu.Izvi zvinowanzoreva iyo ventilation system inongozadzisa zvinodiwa zvekodhi yekuvaka pamutengo wakaderera wekudyara.Mutengo wekushandisa semuenzaniso fan unogona kuita 90% yemutengo wehupenyu.Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekutenderera kwehupenyu ndezvekuti:
Hupenyu hurefu.
- Environmental impact.
- Ventilation system inoshanduka.
- Kuongorora kwemari.
Nzira yakatwasuka inoshandiswa pakuongorora mutengo wehupenyu ndeyekuverenga mambure aripo kukosha.Iyo nzira inosanganisa kudyara, simba, kuchengetedza uye mutengo wezvakatipoteredza panguva yechikamu kana chikamu chese chekushanda kwekuvaka.Mari yegore yesimba, kugadzirisa uye nharaunda inoverengerwazve mutengo parizvino, nhasi (Nilson 2000) [Ref 36].Nenzira iyi maitiro akasiyana anogona kuenzaniswa.Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza mumitengo kunowanzo kunetsa kuona uye naizvozvo kazhinji kunosiiwa kunze.Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kune imwe nhanho inotariswa nekubatanidza simba.Kazhinji kuverenga kweLCC kunoitwa kuti kuwedzere kushandiswa kwesimba panguva yekushanda.Chikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwekushandiswa kwesimba rechivako panguva iyi kureva kuti nzvimbo yekudziya / kutonhora, mhepo, kugadzirwa kwemvura inopisa, magetsi uye mwenje (Adalberth 1999) [Ref 25].Tichifunga kuti hupenyu hwechivako hunosvika makore makumi mashanu, nguva yekushanda inogona kuverengera 80 - 85% yesimba rose rekushandisa.Iyo yasara 15 - 20 % ndeyekugadzira uye kutakura zvinhu zvekuvaka uye kuvaka.
Dhizaini yekushandisa zvakanaka kwe magetsi ekufambisa mhepo
Kushandiswa kwemagetsi eventilation system kunonyanya kutariswa nezvinhu zvinotevera: • Madonhwe epressure uye mamiriro ekuyerera kwemhepo muduti system.
• Fani inoshanda
• Kudzora nzira yekuyerera kwemhepo
• Kugadzirisa
Kuti uwedzere kushanda kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi matanho anotevera anofarira:
- Gadzirisa marongero akazara eiyo ventilation system eg kuderedza huwandu hwemabhendi, diffuser, shanduko yechikamu chemuchinjikwa, T-zvidimbu.
- Shandura kune feni ine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro (semuenzaniso inotyairwa pachinzvimbo chebhandi rinotyairwa, mota inoshanda zvakanyanya, mabladhi akachinjika kumashure pane kumberi kwakakombama).
- Deredza kudonha kwekumanikidza pane yekubatanidza fan - ductwork (fan inlet uye outlet).
- Dzikisa kudonhedza kwekumanikidza muduta system eg kuyambuka mabhend, diffuser, shanduko yechikamu chemuchinjikwa, T-zvidimbu.
- Isa imwe nzira inoshanda yekudzora mafambiro emhepo (frequency kana fan blade angle control pane voltage, damper kana guide vane control).
Chakakosha pakushandiswa kwese kwemagetsi kufefetera ichokwadi zvakare kusapinda kwemhepo kweiyo ductwork, mwero wekuyerera kwemhepo uye nguva dzekushanda.
Kuti uratidze mutsauko uripo pakati pechirongwa chine kuderera kwakanyanya kudonha uye sisitimu ine kusvika ikozvino tsika ye "inoshanda system", SFP (chaiyo fan fan) = 1 kW/m³/s, yakafananidzwa ne "yakajairika system". ”, SFP = pakati pe5.5 – 13 kW/m³/s (onaTafura 9)Nzira yakanyatsoshanda inogona kuva nehuwandu hwe0.5 (ona chitsauko 6.3.5).
| Pressure inodonha, Pa | ||
| Chikamu | Efficient | Current tsika |
| Supply air side | ||
| Duct system | 100 | 150 |
| Sound attenuator | 0 | 60 |
| Kupisa coil | 40 | 100 |
| Heat exchanger | 100 | 250 |
| Sefa | 50 | 250 |
| Air terminal mudziyo | 30 | 50 |
| Kutora mhepo | 25 | 70 |
| System madhara | 0 | 100 |
| Exhaust air side | ||
| Duct system | 100 | 150 |
| Sound attenuator | 0 | 100 |
| Heat exchanger | 100 | 200 |
| Sefa | 50 | 250 |
| Air terminal zvishandiso | 20 | 70 |
| System madhara | 30 | 100 |
| Sum | 645 | 1950 |
| Kufungidzirwa zvachose fan kushanda zvakanaka,% | 62 | 15 – 35 |
| Specific fan simba, kW/m³/s | 1 | 5.5 - 13 |
Tafura 9: Yakaverengerwa kudzvinyirira inodonha uye SFP kukosha kwe "efficient system" uye "ikozvino system".
Dhizaini yemazinga akaderera enzwi
Nzvimbo yekutanga kana uchigadzira yakaderera mazinga eruzha ndeyekugadzira yakaderera mazinga.Nenzira iyi fan inomhanya pane yakaderera inotenderera frequency inogona kusarudzwa.Low pressure drops inogona kuwanikwa nenzira dzinotevera:
- Low air velocity kureva mativi makuru
- Deredzai nhamba yezvikamu zvine pressure inodonhedza semuenzaniso shanduko mumadhamu kana saizi, madhamu.
- Deredza kudonha kwekumanikidza pane zvakakosha zvikamu
- Mamiriro akanaka ekuyerera pamhepo inopinza uye inobuda
Matekiniki anotevera ekudzora mafambiro emhepo akakodzera, uchifunga nezve ruzha:
- Kudzora kweiyo inotenderera frequency yemota
- Kuchinja kona ye fan blades yeaxial mafeni
- Type uye kukwira kwe fan kwakakoshawo kune iyo inzwi nhanho.
Kana iyo yakarongedzerwa kufefetera sisitimu isingazadzise zvinonzwika zvinodikanwa, saka zvinonyanya zvinonzwika zvinonzwika zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa mudhizaini.Usakanganwa kuti ruzha runogona kupinda nepamhepo inofefetera semuenzaniso ruzha rwemhepo kuburikidza nekunze kwemhepo.
7.3.4 Dhizaini yekushandisa BMS
Iyo yekuvaka manejimendi sisitimu (BMS) yechivako uye maitiro ekutevera zviyero uye maalarm, tarisa mikana yekuwana kushanda kwakaringana kwekudziya / kutonhora uye ventilating system.Kushanda kwakakwana kweHVAC system inoda kuti ma-sub-processes anogona kutariswa zvakasiyana.Iyi zvakare kazhinji ndiyo nzira yega yekuwana misiyano midiki muhurongwa iyo pachayo isingawedzere simba rekushandisa zvakakwana kumisa alarm yekushandisa simba (nepamusoro mazinga kana yekutevera maitiro).Mumwe muenzaniso matambudziko ane fan fan, iyo isingaratidzi pane yakazara magetsi emagetsi kushandiswa kwekushanda kwechivako.
Izvi hazvireve kuti mhepo yega yega inofanirwa kutariswa neBMS.Kune ese asi madiki uye akareruka masisitimu BMS inofanirwa kutariswa.Kune yakaoma kwazvo uye yakakura ventilation system BMS ingangove yakakosha.
Iyo nhanho yekuoma kweBMS inofanirwa kubvumirana nehuwandu hweruzivo rwevashandi vanoshanda.Iyo yakanakisa nzira ndeye kuunganidza yakadzama maitiro ekuita kweBMS.
7.3.5 Dhizaini yekushanda uye kuchengetedza
Kuti ugone kushanda kwakakodzera uye kugadzirisa kwakakodzera mirairo yekushanda nekugadzirisa inofanirwa kunyorwa.Kuti mirairo iyi ibatsire mamwe maitiro anofanirwa kuzadzikiswa panguva yekugadzirwa kweiyo ventilation system:
- Iyo tekinoroji masisitimu uye zvikamu zvadzo zvinofanirwa kuwanikwa pakugadzirisa, kuchinjana nezvimwe.Izvo zvikamu zvega (fans, dampers etc.) yeventilation system inofanira kuwanikwa nyore nyore.
- Masisitimu anofanirwa kucherechedzwa neruzivo rwepakati pepombi uye madhakisi, mafambiro ekufamba nezvimwe.
Mirayiridzo yekushanda nekugadzirisa inofanira kugadzirirwa panguva yekugadzira uye kupedzwa panguva yekuvaka.
Ona nhaurirano, nhamba, uye nhoroondo dzevanyori zvebhuku rino pa: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313573886
Kusvika kwakavandudzwa kuita kwema mechanical ventilation systems
Vanyori, kusanganisira:Peter Wouters, Pierre Barles, Christophe Delmotte, Åke Blomsterberg
Vamwe vevanyori vebhuku rino vari kushandawo pamapurojekiti aya ane hukama:
Kumira kwemhepo kwezvivakwa
PASSIVE CIMATIZATION: FCT PTDC/ENR/73657/2006
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-06-2021