Njira Zothetsera Ma Air-Conditioning System mu Posachedwa Mliri

Chifukwa cha njira zotsimikizika komanso zogwira mtima zomwe zatengedwa, China yawongolera mliriwu, moyo wabwerera mwakale ndipo chuma chikuyenda bwino.Komabe, mliriwu ukupitilirabe padziko lonse lapansi, njira zopewera komanso zowongolera ziyenera kukhazikika.Mapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a makina oziziritsa mpweya mu nthawi ya mliri ku China adzutsa malingaliro a anthu, kotero kukambirana m'munsimu mozungulira malingaliro ndi njira zosiyanasiyana kumathandizira kuti kukhazikika kwa mliri kuchitike m'tsogolomu.

Poona kuwongolera kwachilengedwe kwa kupewa ndi kuwongolera miliri ndikosiyana ndi komwe kumayendera mpweya wabwino m'nyumba zomwe sizili zachipatala, nkhaniyi sikufotokoza momveka bwino njira zothanirana ndi ma air-conditioning system munthawi ya mliri mwadongosolo, koma kuyika. tumizani madandaulo ena okhudzana ndi cholinga cha njira zopewera, komanso kupewa ndi kuwongolera zolinga zamakina oziziritsa mpweya munthawi ya mliri wapambuyo pa mliri kuti muwerenge.

1. Zoyenerakuikakufalikira kwa novel coronavirus  

TheDignosis ndiTkubwezeretsa kwaNpamwambaCoronavirusPneumonia(mtundu woyeserera 8), womwe udaperekedwa pa Ogasiti 19, 2020, ukuwonetsa kuti buku la coronavirus limafalitsidwa makamaka ndi madontho opumira komanso kukhudzana kwambiri, komanso kukhudzana ndi chinthu chomwe chili ndi kachilomboka.Kuwonekera kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo otsekedwa omwe ali ndi ma aerosol ambiri kungayambitsenso kufala kwa mpweya."Chifukwa cha buku latsopanoli la coronavirus limatha kulekanitsidwa ndi ndowe ndi mkodzo, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa kuti zisawononge chilengedwe ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kufalitsa kapena kufalitsa aerosol."zomwe zimatithandiza kuzindikira njira yopatsira COVID-19 molondola.Zimatsimikiziridwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda panthawi ya mliri.Kuvala zigoba, kusunga mtunda wautali komanso kusamba m'manja kwadziwika kuti ndi njira zothandiza kwambiri zopewera ndikuwongolera mliriwu.

Nthawi zambiri, ngati kachilomboka kamakhala ndi kufalikira kwa mpweya wabwino komanso kufalikira, kumatha kumwazikana mosalekeza pansi pakuyenda kwa mpweya, ndikusungunuka nthawi yomweyo, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka kumacheperachepera, chifukwa chake, mabakiteriya ochepa okha amatha. kufalitsidwa ndi mpweya.Kuphatikiza apo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mabakiteriya oyandama mumlengalenga, mphamvu yake imatha kufooka mwachangu chifukwa cha kutentha, chinyezi ndi kuwala kwa UV, pokhapokha ngati ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu (kapena imatha kukhala mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali) .Palibe umboni womwe wapezeka kuti COVID-19 ili ndi mikhalidwe iwiri yomwe ili pamwambapa.Titha kunena kuti COVID-19 ili ndi mwayi wocheperako wofalitsidwa ndi mpweya pang'ono, kuthekera kotenga kachilomboka kudzera mumlengalenga ndikochepa kwambiri.WHO ikukhulupirirabe kuti SARS-CoV-2 aerosol itha kufalikira m'malo omwe mulibe mpweya kapena otsekedwa, koma si njira yayikulu, ngakhale kalata yotseguka yosainidwa ndi akatswiri 239 ochokera kumayiko 32 pa Julayi 6 idasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya matenda opatsirana (Oxford University Journal).

Popeza infective mlingo mu mlengalenga sikokwanira kufalitsa, ndi m'malovu sangathe kuyandama kwa nthawi yaitali kufalikira pa mtunda wautali, ndiye angapo wapamwamba kufala zochitika mliri anatchula pa kalata lotseguka ndi zosokoneza.Chifukwa chake, timapereka lingaliro la kufalikira kwamtambo wa aerosol.Mtambo wa aerosol ndi mpweya wamadzi amitundu iwiri, womwe suwoneka ndi maso.

Mkhalidwe wamtambo wa aerosol ukhoza kupangitsa kuti madontho okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tiyandame, omwe amakhala akuyandama ndikuyenda kwa mpweya.Njira ndi njira yotumizira imamveka bwino.

Mitambo ya aerosol imatha kusonkhanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kachilomboka, chovuta kufalitsa ndikufalitsa, ndikukhala ndi nthawi yayitali, kotero ndikosavuta kudziunjikira ma virus ambiri kwanuko ndikusunga mlingo wa matenda kwa nthawi yayitali.Zimaganiziridwa kuti mapangidwe amtambo wa aerosol amagwirizana ndi zinthu monga malo otsekedwa m'nyumba, mpweya wabwino, kachulukidwe ka anthu ogwira ntchito, chinyezi chachikulu (mkuyu 1), ndi kukula kwa madontho, ndi zina zotero. super kufala zochitika.Malingaliro ofananawo atha kupezekanso m'malemba akunja (mkuyu 3.), ngakhale matanthauzidwe ndi mafotokozedwe amasiyana.Zinthu zachilengedwe monga kutentha, chinyezi ndi kuipitsa zimatha kusokoneza kuthekera kwa kachilombo ka COVID-19, ndikuwononga mapuloteni ake pamwamba ndi nembanemba yake ya lipid.Lingaliro lamakono limasonyeza kuti kukhazikika kwake kudzapititsidwa patsogolo pa chinyezi chapamwamba (≥80%) (Fig.1).

Mkuyu.1 Ubale wapakati pa nthawi yayitali ya madontho a virus & m'mimba mwake ndi chinyezi chachibale.

Fig.2 The m'malovu diameters ndi kufala osiyanasiyana

Chithunzi 3 Kuyetsemula, kutsokomola, mtambo wotulutsa mpweya ndi mtunda wotumizira

2.Zotsutsana ndi mpweya-conditioning system mu post-nthawi ya mliri

Chifukwa cha kupewa ndi kulamulira njira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso m'nyumba kulamulira chilengedwe zofunika ndi miyeso mu mliri n'zosiyana ndi omasuka mpweya zoziziritsa kukhosi, kotero kulamulira njira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingamvetse zochokera kuganiza zomveka ndi nzeru.

2.1 Yang'anani kwambiri pakuwongolera kufalikira kwa mitambo ya aerosol

Kuwongolera kufalikira kwa COVID-19 mumpweya wamkati sikuli kofanana ndi kuwongolera kufalikira kwamtambo wa aerosol.

Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti mtambo wa aerosol uli ndi mpweya wabwino potsatira magwiridwe antchito, njira yopapatiza yopatsira ndi njira yomveka bwino.

Mosiyana ndi kufalikira kwa mpweya, komwe kumatha kufalikira kwambiri ndikufalikira mumlengalenga wonse.Mitambo ya aerosol imasunthika ndi mpweya kupita pafupi ndi ziwalo zopumira za anthu (mkuyu 4), zomwe zimatha kukopa ndikuyambitsa matenda, ngakhale zitakhala kutali ndi anthu.Kusatsimikizika kwa kufalikira kwa mitambo ya aerosol kunawulula kusakhazikika kwa kutenga kachilomboka, zomwe zimatsutsana ndi chiphunzitso chathu chachikhalidwe pakulowetsa mpweya kapena kupewa komanso kuwongolera matenda, monga mtunda wotetezedwa, chitetezo chamunthu, nthawi yowonekera, chiwopsezo kapena kuthekera kwa matenda.

Chithunzi cha 4 Aerosol mtambo kufala kayeseleledwe

Pakuwona kuwongolera kufalikira kwa mtambo wa aerosol, pali njira zitatu:

1) Kupewa kutulutsa mitambo ya aerosol ndiyo njira yofunikira kwambiri, yochepetsera kupezeka kwake (monga kuvala masks, kuwongolera kachulukidwe antchito, kukhazikitsa madontho mwachangu ndi mpweya wamkati) ndikusunga mpweya wabwino wamkati (kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwamkati ndi kupewa chinyezi chamkati). kusonkhanitsa).

2) Mtambo wa aerosol ukapangidwa, kusatsimikizika kwapatsirana komanso kusakhazikika kwa matenda kumawoneka ngati kosatha.M'malo mwake, njira yosavuta yoletsera kufalikira kwamtambo wa aerosol ndikupewa kutuluka kwa mpweya wopingasa m'nyumba, ndikuukakamiza kuti ukhazikike mwachangu kenako ndikutulutsa mpweya wotuluka (kubwerera) pansi polowera mpweya.

3) Njira yosavuta yochotsera kufalikira kwa mtambo wa aerosol ndikubalalitsa mtambo wa aerosol ndi mphamvu yakunja, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umasokoneza mosalekeza kapena kubalalitsa mtambo wa aerosol, bola ngati tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tidagawika ndikutsika, ndiye kuti sichoncho. zopatsirana.Zachidziwikire, kuchepetsa chinyezi chamkati mpaka 40% -50% ndi njira yowongolera, koma ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.

2.2 Kuyikirani kwambiri pa kupewa ndi kuwongolera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Lingaliro loletsa ndi kuwongolera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda panthawi ya mliri ndilofanana ndi kuyang'anira chilengedwe cha mankhwala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.Koma zimasiyana ndi ukadaulo woyeretsa zachilengedwe, ndi njira yopewera ma coronavirus m'malo abwino operekera mpweya.Choyamba timaphunzira kuchokera kumalingaliro amankhwala ndi zamankhwala kuti tifotokoze kusiyana pakati pa izi ndi zoziziritsira mpweya wabwino.

Mkuyu.1 Kusiyana pakati pa malingaliro opewera ndi kuwongolera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zowongolera mpweya.

Munthawi ya mliri wapambuyo pa mliri, njira zitatu zodzitetezera komanso zowongolera zomwe zimavala masks, kusunga malo ochezera komanso kusamba m'manja sizingagwirenso ntchito.Koma kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito kumafunikabe kuganiziridwa.Njira yothanirana ndi ma air conditioning system munthawi ya mliri ndikuteteza coronavirus.Kusiyana kwa njira zowongolera kumatanthawuza ku tebulo 1. Kupatula kulingalira kwa njira zopewera zoziziritsira mpweya zochokera pamalingaliro omveka kapena nzeru, ndi nkhawa ziti zomwe tiyenera kuziganizira?Njira zina zothanirana nazo zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi makina owongolera mpweya wabwino, koma zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yosungira.Nazi zitsanzo:

1) Kuwongolera konse kapena kuwongolera mfundo zazikulu

Anthu omwe amachita zoziziritsa mpweya amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti aganizire zinthu kuchokera pazochitika zonse, monga kulamulira magawo a kutentha, chinyezi, ndi carbon dioxide m'malo onse.Anthu omwe amachita zowongolera matenda amayang'ana kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane komanso mfundo yofunika kwambiri, ndikudula njira yopatsira matenda molingana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.Ngakhalenso tsatanetsatane wazomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mpweya wobwerera ndizofunika kuziganizira.Zochitika zambiri zasonyeza kuti tsatanetsatane imatsimikizira kupambana kwa kulephera kuwongolera matenda.Tsatanetsatane ndi zilombo.

2) Kusungunuka kwa chipinda chonse kapena mu situ sedimentation

Kuipitsa kwakukulu kwa mpweya wabwino ndi CO2, anthu ali paliponse m'chipindamo, aliyense akhoza kutulutsa CO2, ndi malo akuluakulu.Mabakiteriya a m'nyumba m'malo ambiri amatulutsidwa ndi odwala payekha, ndikufalikira mwachidule, ndiye gwero la mfundo.Chifukwa chake, njira zowongolera sizingachepetse chipinda chonsecho ndi mpweya wabwino kuti ziwongolere kachilomboka monga kuwongolera kwa CO2, sikungathenso kuwongolera mpweya wabwino ndi CO2 sensa.Madontho omwe amatulutsidwa ndi odwala a coronavirus amatha kupatsira moyandikana nawo, ndipo musadikire kuti asungunuke.Kachilomboka kakatulutsa mpweya, iyenera kukhazikika pamalopo mwachangu kuti isatengeke.In situ settlement ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera kukhudzidwa.Kuwongolera kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa potulutsa mpweya wambiri wamkati wamkati kuti uchepetse sikungoyambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, komanso kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa.

3) Kutseketsa kapena kusefera

Tonse tikudziwa kuti mpweya wabwino sunyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo cholinga chachikulu cha kusefedwa kwa mpweya wabwino ndikuchotsa fumbi.Ngati m'chipindamo muli tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, fyuluta ya mpweya yobwerera iyenera kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tilowe mu dongosolo.Komabe, kukana kwa fyuluta ya HEPA ndikokwera kwambiri, komwe kumakhala kovuta kapena kosatheka kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba za anthu.Chifukwa chochepa m'nyumba danga, ndi exhaled m'malovu sangathe chamunthuyo mu madzi pachimake ang'onoang'ono tinthu kukula mkati mwa nthawi yochepa, ndi kubwerera mpweya kusefera makamaka kuchotsa m'malovu mu lalikulu particles kukula.Cholinga chathu chowongolera ndikuletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timaunjikana mumlengalenga, kotero kuti kutseketsa bwino komanso kukana kwa fyuluta kuyenera kuganiziridwa posankha zosefera zobwerera.

Article 7.1.11 ya GB 51039-2014 code yopangira nyumba zachipatala chachikulu ikuwonetsa:

Malo obwereranso mpweya wapakati pa air-conditioning system ndi ma fan coil unit ayenera kukhala ndi zida zosefera zokhala ndi kukana koyamba pansi pa 50Pa, kupitilira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pansi pa 10%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zolemetsa panthawi imodzi sikudzakhala kokulirapo. kuposa 5%.

Ichi ndi chifukwa chomwe ASHRAE idapangira MERV13 ngati fyuluta ya mpweya yobwerera.Kwa mtambo wa aerosol, zosefera sizimangotulutsa tinthu tating'ono mlengalenga, komanso zimabalalitsa mtambo wa aerosol, ndikupangitsa kuti zisathe kukhalapo m'makina.

4) Kuteteza centralized air-conditioning system kapena preventive decentralized air conditioning system

Malinga ndi nzeru zathu, makina oziziritsira mpweya apakati akutumikira zipinda zingapo, mabakiteriya atawonekera m'chipinda chimodzi, ena onse amatha kuipitsidwa.Kumayambiriro kwa mliriwu, makina oziziritsa mpweya apakati anali njira yayikulu yopewera, pomwe makina owongolera mpweya sanali.

Munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka akangowonekera pamalo opezeka anthu ambiri, mpweya womwe adautulutsa umalowa mu makina oziziritsa mpweya, koma mlingo wopatsira mpweya uyenera kuchepetsedwa pambuyo pa fani yothamanga kwambiri, zosefera zingapo, kutentha ndi chinyezi. mankhwala zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi dilution wosakaniza wa mpweya wabwino.Ngakhale mutakhala ndi mitambo ya aerosol m'nyumba, yokhala ndi mpweya wapakati komanso makina owongolera mpweya omwe amathandizira zipinda zingapo, sizingatheke kuyambitsa matenda.Palibe matenda aakulu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zoziziritsa mpweya zapakati mpaka pano.Komabe, ma air conditioning monga air split conditioning, fan coil unit, VRV yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malesitilanti, mipiringidzo, mabasi, malo osangalalira, mpweya wawo umapangitsa kuti mpweya uziyenda m'chipindamo, ndikukankhira mtambo wa aerosol kuti uzungulire (mkuyu 4). ).

Pali zochitika zina zophatikizika zomwe zidachitika nthawi ndi nthawi m'malo ena pogwiritsa ntchito zoziziritsa kukhosi panthawi ya mliri, komwenso ndi komwe kufalikira kwamtambo wa aerosol.

5) Kugawa yunifolomu ya Airflow kapena kusungidwa

Dongosolo lowongolera mpweya limatsindika kugawa kofanana kwa magawo a kutentha ndi chinyezi.Kunena zongoyerekeza, mpweya wabwino wakunja umapitilira kusakanikirana ndikusungunuka ndi mpweya wamkati, mpweya ukugawanika mofanana, kotero kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamangotsika, koma kusanthula tsatanetsatane wa njira yogawa kuchokera kumbali ina, zingakhale zothandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tifalikire. moona.Chifukwa chake, ndikuwongolera kugawika kwa mpweya, ndichifukwa chake malo oyeretsera muzachipatala, zamankhwala, zamagetsi amayika kupsinjika pamayendedwe a mpweya, omwe amaperekedwa kuchokera mozondoka ndikubwerera pansi.Imagwiritsira ntchito mokwanira gawo loletsa kuyenda kwa mpweya, kupangitsa kuipitsidwa kwa malowo kukhazikike posachedwa, ndikuletsa kugwedezeka ndikufalikira, kumachepetsa kwambiri nthawi yowonekera.Kusunga kayendedwe ka mpweya ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kugawa kofanana.Dongosolo lapakati lowongolera mpweya limatha kuzindikira mosavuta mawonekedwe a mpweyawo kuperekedwa kuchokera cham'mwamba ndikubwerera pansi, pomwe magawo owongolera mpweya, omwe amaphatikiza kuwongolera ndi kugawa, ndizovuta kukwaniritsa.

6) Kupewa kwa mpweya kapena kupewa kutayikira

Mpweya wa m'nyumba ukaipitsidwa, ndi zoziziritsira mpweya zimapereka mpweya woipitsidwa m'nyumba zomwe zinayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya kachiwiri kotchedwa indirect pollution.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro athu wamba, mabakiteriya am'nyumba amaperekedwa ndi makina owongolera mpweya ndiye chinthu choyipa kwambiri.Osanena kuti kachilomboka sangathe kufalikira mu chapakati mpweya zoziziritsa dongosolo, ngakhale angathe, bola ngati pali ogwira mpweya fyuluta pa mpweya kotunga kapena kubwerera mpweya kubwereketsa, n'zovuta linanena bungwe HIV.Kuchokera pamalingaliro a uinjiniya woyeretsa, pali zochitika zochepa zowononga zowonongeka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zosefera ndikuyika kwake pamapangidwe apano ndi kuvomereza.Komabe, kuwonjezereka kwakhungu kwa mpweya wabwino popanda kuganizira za kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu kumapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwadongosolo kusakhale kolamulira m'deralo, ndipo mpweya wamkati womwe uli ndi kuipitsidwa (kachilomboka) umatuluka mwachindunji, zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa (matenda) kawirikawiri.Kuipitsa kotereku komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa m'nyumba kumatchedwa kuipitsidwa kwachindunji, komwe kumakhala koyipa kwambiri, kutuluka kwa mpweya kosasinthika kumapangitsa malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kukhala ovuta kulosera.Ichi ndichifukwa chake miyezo kapena zikhalidwe zomanga chipatala kunyumba kapena kunja sizifuna zosefera zapamwamba za mpweya woperekera mpweya m'madipatimenti ofunikira, koma tsindikani kuwongolera kwadongosolo kocheperako .

7) Kugwira ntchito kwapang'onopang'ono kapena kugwira ntchito mosalekeza

Poopa kufalitsa kachilombo mu air-conditioning system, ntchito yapakatikati ya air-conditioning system nthawi zambiri imafunika.Ndiko kuti, choyatsira mpweya chidzatsekedwa pambuyo pothamanga kwa nthawi, ndiyeno mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe kapena mpweya wabwino umagwiritsidwa ntchito.2-3 pa tsiku kwa mphindi 30 osachepera.Tonse tikudziwa kuti mpweya wabwino wambiri womwe umabweretsedwera udzawononga malo abwino amkati, koma zomwe sitinkadziwa ndikuti malo abwino opangidwa ndi ma air conditioners amathanso kuwonedwa ngati njira yolimbana ndi mliri.Kupita kwa mliriwu kukuwonetsa kuti COVID-19 ikukhalabe ndi vuto lamphamvu posatengera kutentha kapena kutentha kwambiri.Pamene kachilombo ntchito kufika pa mlingo pansi pa firiji 22-25 ℃ ndi wachibale chinyezi wa 50% -60% (Fig.5).

Kulowa mwachindunji kwa mpweya wabwino wamphamvu kumawononganso kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwapakati pakati pa malo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino.

Choncho, malinga ngati makina opangira mpweya akutsatiridwa, makina opangira mpweya samangofunika kugwira ntchito mosalekeza, komanso ayambe pasadakhale ndikuchedwa kutseka.Malo okhazikika komanso olamulidwa ndiye kufunikira kwenikweni kwa kukhazikika kwa kupewa ndi kuwongolera mliri.

Chithunzi 5 Kupulumuka kwa coronavirus yatsopano & kutentha ndi chinyezi

8) Kusintha kwa lag kapena kupewa malire

Kuwongolera mlengalenga kwa mpweya kumatheka ndi kutentha ndi kutentha kwa chinyezi, zomwe zingasinthidwe ndi dongosolo pambuyo poti sensor izindikire kutentha kapena kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, ndondomeko yotereyi yotchedwa lag adjustment.

Kunena zoona, mulingo wa kutentha ndi chinyezi ndi wokwera kwambiri, kapangidwe ka mpanda wamkati ndi zida zilinso ndi mphamvu yotentha, kotero kusintha kutentha kwamkati kwa 1 ℃ kumafuna mphamvu yayikulu kapena sikusinthasintha kwambiri.

Ngakhale kutentha ndi chinyezi cha zoziziritsa mpweya zabwino zili ndi zofunikira zowongolera zopatuka, nthawi yosintha sizovuta.Mbali imeneyi ndinso maziko omasuka ma air conditioner kuti atsatire kusinthasintha kwa voliyumu ya mpweya.

Kunena zoona, mlingo wa fumbi ndende ndi wochepa kwambiri, ndi pang'ono kusasamala, kupatuka kwa particles kungakhale khumi ndi awiri kapena kuposa zana.

Pamene kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya ndi fumbi kupitirira muyezo, mavuto amatha kuchitika.The magawo ayenera kukhala pansi malire pamaso mabakiteriya ndi fumbi anali wapezeka kwambiri.

Kulowetsedwa kudzapangidwa ngati ifika pamzere woletsa.Nthawi yochokera pamene tikukonza kupatuka kwa mabakiteriya ochuluka ndi kusungunuka kwa fumbi kumalo okhazikika kumatchedwa dynamic kuipitsa kudziyeretsa.Ichi ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera malo olamulidwa.Koma zowonadi, zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira zowongolera pamlingo wowopsa.

9) Kupumira kwa zenera kapena kusunga kutentha kwamkati

Kulowetsa mpweya pawindo kungakhale njira yochepetsera komanso yothandiza kwambiri yopewera ndi kuwongolera, koma imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa pa malo akulu.COVID-19 ndi matenda odziletsa okha, palibe mankhwala apadera.Chitetezo cha mthupi ndi dokotala wabwino kwambiri komanso mankhwala abwino kwambiri.Ziribe kanthu m'nyengo yozizira kapena yotentha, m'pofunika kusunga kutentha kwa chipinda.Inde, sizingakhale zolondola kotero kuti mubweretse mpweya wabwino.Itha kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa 16 ℃ mpaka 28 ℃, bola ngati sizikuvulaza chitetezo chanu, chifukwa kuwongolera chitetezo chamthupi panthawi ya mliri ndikoposa chilichonse.Panthawi ina, kusunga kutentha kwa chipinda n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa kutsegula mazenera a mpweya wabwino.

Pankhani ya mtambo wa aerosol, kusinthasintha kwa kayendedwe ka mpweya nthawi zina kumatha kukhala mphamvu yoyendetsera mitambo ya aerosol.

10) Kupatsirana kumadulidwa kapena kupewa ndi kuwongolera

Kodi cholinga cha makina oziziritsira mpweya akutengapo njira zothanirana ndi mliri wapambuyo pa mliri ndi chiyani?Kuchita ndi odwala COVID-19 m'nyumba?kapena kuthetsa kufalikira kwa COVID-19?

M'nthawi ya mliri, zotsutsana ndi makina owongolera mpweya ndi njira zopewera komanso zowongolera, zomwe zingapewe kapena kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa matenda opatsirana ngati vuto la munthu likuwonekera.Njira zaumisiri zitha kuchitidwa kuti zipewe kukhazikika kwake, kubereka ndi kufalitsa, kachilomboka kamangobweretsedwa ndi odwala koma osatulutsidwa kuchokera kumlengalenga wakunja , kapena ngati nkhungu ndi mabakiteriya omwe ali paliponse m'chilengedwe.

Ngakhale makina owongolera mpweya ali ndi njira zodzitetezera, mlandu wa coronavirus kapena wodwala yemwe akuganiziridwa kuti watsimikiziridwa, malowo ayenera kutsekedwa ndipo ma air conditioners ayenera kuzimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo, lipoti lanthawi yake ku bungwe lazaumoyo ndi kupewa miliri kuti alandire chithandizo chadzidzidzi. , ndi kuyeretsa bwinobwino ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera komanso zowongolera zomwe zimawononga mphamvu ndi ndalama ndizochepa.Mwachidule, zolinga za air-conditioning system mu nthawi ya pambuyo pa mliri ndi chiyani?Kodi mabakiteriya amalimbana ndi chiyani?Ngati kupewa ndi kuwongolera kwa coronavirus kukadali chandamale, kuvala masks, kukhala kutali ndi anthu komanso kusamba m'manja ndiye maziko.Zochita izi ndizabwinoko kuposa njira zina zamphamvu zoziziritsira mpweya ngati aliyense kuphatikiza odwala a COVID-19 atha kutero.

Ngati cholinga chowongolera ndikupewa ndikuwongolera mabakiteriya omwe amawoloka m'njira zambiri, ndiye kuti GB 51039-2014 "code yopangira nyumba yachipatala" idaganiziridwa pokonzekera, ndiye kuti, pagulu, titha. tsatirani njira zitatu zomwe ndi njira zowongolera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse m'malo azachipatala, ndi mpweya wabwino, wopatsa mpweya kuchokera cham'mwamba ndikubwezeretsa mpweya kupita pansi ndikusefera koyenera potulutsa mpweya.Njirazi zatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi zachuma, zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa, zogwira mtima komanso zokhwima m'zaka zapitazi.Ngati zinthu zilola, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zoziziritsa kukhosi zomwe zimakhala ndi kusiyana kopitilira muyeso komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino.

3.Mapeto

Nkhaniyi inanena kuti madontho opumira komanso kuyandikira pafupi ndiye njira yayikulu yopatsira COVID-19.Ndizotheka kutenga kachilombo ka aerosol ngati atayikidwa pamalo otsekedwa ndi ma aerosols ambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi pafupifupi 30 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda a mliriwu.Kuvala zigoba, kusunga mtunda wautali komanso kusamba m'manja kwadziwika kuti ndi njira zothandiza kwambiri zopewera ndikuwongolera mliriwu.

Matenda ophatikizika pafupipafupi amapezeka pamalo ochepa mwina amayamba chifukwa cha mtambo wa aerosol.

Milandu yomwe ilipo yosadziwika bwino imatha kufotokozedwa momveka bwino ndi chiphunzitso cha kufalikira kwamtambo wa aerosol.Sizovuta kutengera kufala kwa mtambo wa aerosol ndi CFD, koma ndizopanda pake popanda kuthandizidwa ndi kafukufuku wambiri wa epidemiological.Ngakhale kusatsimikizika komanso kusakhazikika kwa kufalikira kwa mitambo ya aerosol kumatsutsana ndi ziphunzitso zachikhalidwe komanso njira zopewera matenda, koma sikovuta kuwongolera kufalikira kwamtambo wa aerosol.

Dongosolo la zoziziritsa mpweya mu nthawi ya mliri uyenera kutsimikizira kaye cholinga cha zowongolera ndi zowongolera.Iyenera kupeŵa kufotokozera zotsutsana ndi zolinga ndi zowongolera kuchokera kumalingaliro omveka ndi kulingalira.

Mpweya wopanda zoziziritsa kukhosi pambuyo pa mliri ungathe kutenga njira zitatu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira chilengedwe chachipatala, zomwe ndi mpweya wabwino, kugawa mpweya komanso kusefa koyenera kwa mpweya wobwerera.Njirazi ndizochepa mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, zotsika mtengo komanso zimakhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu.Njira zopewera ndi zowongolera mopitilira muyeso ndizosafunikira.M'mawu amodzi, zoyeserera zowongolera mpweya munthawi ya mliri ziyenera kukhala zovomerezeka, zoyenera komanso zomveka.

Wolemba Shen Jinming ndi Liu Yanmin pa HVAC