Maupangiri a mpweya wabwino pakupanga

Cholinga cha malangizowa (Blomsterberg,2000 ) [Ref 6] ndi kupereka chitsogozo kwa akatswiri (makamaka opanga ma HVAC ndi oyang'anira nyumba, komanso makasitomala ndi ogwiritsa ntchito nyumba) momwe angabweretsere mpweya wabwino wokhala ndi machitidwe abwino ogwiritsira ntchito wamba komanso wanzeru. matekinoloje.Malangizowa amagwira ntchito pamakina opumira mpweya m'nyumba zogona komanso zamalonda, komanso nthawi yonse ya moyo wa nyumbayo, monga mwachidule, kapangidwe, kamangidwe, kantchito, kagwiritsidwe ntchito, kukonza ndi kukonzanso.

Zofunikira zotsatirazi ndizofunikira pakupanga magwiridwe antchito a kachitidwe ka mpweya wabwino:

• Zomwe zimagwirira ntchito (zokhudzana ndi mpweya wamkati, kutonthoza kwa kutentha, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zina) zafotokozedwa kuti dongosololi lipangidwe.
• Kaonedwe ka kayendedwe ka moyo kakugwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Dongosolo la mpweya wabwino limatengedwa ngati gawo lofunikira la nyumbayi.

Cholinga chake ndi kupanga mpweya wabwino, womwe umakwaniritsa zofunikira za polojekiti (onani mutu 7.1), pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono komanso zamakono.Mapangidwe a mpweya wabwino ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yomangamanga injiniya womanga, injini yamagetsi ndi wopanga makina otenthetsera / ozizira Izi kuti zitsimikizire kuti nyumba yomalizidwa ndi kutentha, kuzizira ndi mpweya wabwino. zimagwira bwino.Pomaliza, woyang'anira nyumbayo ayenera kufunsidwa za zomwe akufuna.Adzakhala ndi udindo woyang'anira ntchito ya mpweya wabwino kwa zaka zambiri.Choncho wokonzayo ayenera kudziwa zinthu zina (katundu) za mpweya wabwino, malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito.Zinthu izi (katundu) ziyenera kusankhidwa m'njira yoti dongosolo lonse lizikhala ndi mtengo wotsikirapo kwambiri wa moyo wamtundu womwe watchulidwa.Kukhathamiritsa kwachuma kuyenera kuchitidwa poganizira:

• Ndalama zogulira
• Ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito (mphamvu)
• Mtengo wokonza (kusintha kwa zosefera, kuyeretsa ma ducts, kuyeretsa zida zotengera mpweya etc.)

Zina mwazinthu (katundu) zikukhudza madera omwe zofunikira zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kuyambitsidwa kapena kupangitsidwa kukhala okhwima posachedwa.Zinthu izi ndi:

• Kupanga ndi momwe moyo umayendera
• Kapangidwe kogwiritsa ntchito bwino magetsi
• Mapangidwe a mawu otsika
• Kupanga kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira magetsi
• Kupanga kwa ntchito ndi kukonza

Kupanga ndi kuzungulira kwa moyo kaonedwe 

Zomangamanga ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika, mwachitsanzo, nyumba iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu pang'ono pa moyo wake wonse.Omwe ali ndi udindo pa izi ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu mwachitsanzo okonza mapulani, oyang'anira zomanga.Zogulitsa zikuyenera kuganiziridwa potengera momwe moyo umakhalira, pomwe chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pazochitika zonse zachilengedwe munthawi yonse ya moyo.Kumayambiriro koyambirira, mlengi, wogula ndi kontrakitala amatha kupanga zosankha zowononga chilengedwe.Nyumba imakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zokhala ndi moyo wosiyanasiyana.M'menemo kusamalitsa ndi kusinthasintha ziyenera kuganiziridwa mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mwachitsanzo nyumba yamaofesi ikhoza kusintha kangapo panthawi ya nyumbayo.Kusankha kwa mpweya wabwino nthawi zambiri kumatengera mtengo wake, mwachitsanzo, ndalama zogulira osati ndalama za moyo.Izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza dongosolo la mpweya wabwino lomwe limangokwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo omanga pamtengo wotsika kwambiri.Mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito mwachitsanzo, chofanizira chikhoza kukhala 90 % ya mtengo wanthawi zonse.Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zochitika za moyo ndi izi:
Utali wamoyo.

• Kukhudza chilengedwe.
• Mpweya wabwino umasintha.
• Kusanthula mtengo.

Njira yolunjika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito posanthula mtengo wa moyo ndi kuwerengera mtengo womwe ulipo.Njirayi imaphatikiza ndalama, mphamvu, kukonza ndi kuwononga chilengedwe panthawi imodzi kapena gawo lonse la ntchito yomanga.Mtengo wapachaka wa mphamvu, kukonza ndi chilengedwe ukuwerengedwanso mtengo wapano, lero (Nilson 2000) [Ref 36].Ndi njirayi machitidwe osiyanasiyana amatha kufananizidwa.Mavuto azachilengedwe pamitengo nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kudziwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amasiyidwa.Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kumaganiziridwa pamlingo wina pophatikiza mphamvu.Nthawi zambiri kuwerengera kwa LCC kumapangidwa kuti kukhathamiritse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu panthawi yogwira ntchito.Gawo lalikulu la moyo wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomanga nyumba ndi nthawi imeneyi monga kutentha/kuzizira, mpweya wabwino, kupanga madzi otentha, magetsi ndi kuyatsa (Adalberth 1999) [Ref 25].Kungoganiza kuti moyo wa nyumbayo ndi zaka 50, nthawi yogwirira ntchito imatha kuwerengera 80 - 85% ya mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.15 - 20 % yotsalayo ndi yopangira ndi kunyamula zomangira ndi zomangamanga.

Kapangidwe kogwiritsa ntchito moyenera magetsi opangira mpweya wabwino 

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa magetsi a mpweya wabwino kumatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: • Kutsika kwa mpweya ndi kayendedwe ka mpweya mu duct system.
• Kuchita bwino kwa mafani
• Njira yoyendetsera kayendedwe ka mpweya
• Kusintha
Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi, njira zotsatirazi ndizofunika:

• Konzani dongosolo lonse la mpweya wabwino mwachitsanzo kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapindikidwe, ma diffuser, kusintha kwa magawo a mtanda, T-zidutswa.
• Sinthani kukhala chokupiza chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri (monga yoyendetsedwa molunjika m'malo mwa lamba, mota yachangu, zokhota chakumbuyo m'malo mopindika kutsogolo).
• Chepetsani kutsika kwamphamvu pa fani yolumikizira - ma ductwork (kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa).
• Chepetsani kutsika kwamphamvu mu njira yodutsamo, monga mapindikira, ma diffuser, kusintha kwa gawo, T-zidutswa.
• Ikani njira yabwino kwambiri yowongolerera kayendedwe ka mpweya (ma frequency kapena fan blade angle control m'malo mwa voltage, damper kapena control vane control).

Chofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse zamagetsi potulutsa mpweya wabwino ndikutinso kutsekeka kwa ma ductwork, kuchuluka kwa mpweya komanso nthawi zogwirira ntchito.

Pofuna kusonyeza kusiyana pakati pa kachitidwe kamene kamakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri komanso kachitidwe kamene kamakhala ndi "dongosolo labwino", SFP (mphamvu yeniyeni) = 1 kW/m³/s, inafaniziridwa ndi "dongosolo labwinobwino ”, SFP = pakati pa 5.5 – 13 kW/m³/s (onaniNdime 9).Dongosolo lothandiza kwambiri likhoza kukhala ndi mtengo wa 0.5 (onani mutu 6.3.5).

Table 9: Kuwerengera kutsika kwamphamvu ndi SFP mfundo za "dongosolo labwino" ndi "panopa ndondomeko". 

Mapangidwe a mawu otsika 

Poyambira popanga mamvekedwe otsika amawu ndikupangira kutsika kwamphamvu.Mwanjira iyi zimakupiza zomwe zikuyenda mozungulira pafupipafupi zitha kusankhidwa.Kutsika kwamphamvu kumatha kutheka ndi njira izi:

• Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wochepa, mwachitsanzo, miyeso yayikulu ya ngalande
• Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa zigawo ndi kutsika kwamphamvu, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa njira kapena kukula kwake, zoziziritsira.
• Chepetsani kutsika kwamphamvu pazigawo zofunika
• Mayendedwe abwino m'malo olowera mpweya ndi malo ogulitsira

Njira zotsatirazi zowongolera kayendedwe ka mpweya ndizoyenera, poganizira zomveka:

• Kuwongolera kwa ma frequency ozungulira agalimoto
• Kusintha mawonekedwe a mafani a axial mafani
• Mtundu ndi kukwera kwa fan ndikofunikiranso pamlingo wamawu.

Ngati makina opumulira mpweya opangidwa motero sakukwaniritsa zofunikira zamawu, ndiye kuti zowongolera zomveka ziyenera kuphatikizidwa pamapangidwewo.Musaiwale kuti phokoso limatha kulowa kudzera mu mpweya wabwino mwachitsanzo phokoso lamphepo kudzera m'malo olowera kunja.
7.3.4 Mapangidwe ogwiritsira ntchito BMS
Dongosolo loyang'anira nyumba (BMS) la nyumba ndi njira zotsatirira miyeso ndi ma alarm, zimatsimikizira mwayi wopeza ntchito yoyenera yotenthetsera / kuziziritsa ndi mpweya wabwino.Kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa dongosolo la HVAC kumafuna kuti njira zazing'ono ziziyang'aniridwa padera.Iyinso nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira kusagwirizana pang'ono m'dongosolo lomwe palokha sizimawonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu kuti ayambitse alamu yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu (pamlingo wapamwamba kapena njira zotsatirira).Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi vuto la injini ya fan, yomwe sikuwonetsa mphamvu zonse zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba.

Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mpweya uliwonse uyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi BMS.Kwa onse koma machitidwe ang'onoang'ono komanso osavuta BMS ayenera kuganiziridwa.Panjira yovuta kwambiri komanso yayikulu yopumira mpweya, BMS ndiyofunikira.

Mulingo waukadaulo wa BMS uyenera kuvomerezana ndi chidziwitso cha ogwira ntchito.Njira yabwino ndikuphatikiza tsatanetsatane wa magwiridwe antchito a BMS.

7.3.5 Kapangidwe ka ntchito ndi kukonza
Kuti azitha kugwira ntchito moyenera ndikusamalira moyenera, malangizo oyenera akuyenera kulembedwa.Kuti malangizowa akhale othandiza, njira zina ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa panthawi yopangira mpweya wabwino:

• Njira zamakono ndi zigawo zake ziyenera kupezeka kuti zisamalidwe, kusinthanitsa ndi zina. Zipinda za fan ziyenera kukhala zazikulu mokwanira komanso zokhala ndi kuyatsa bwino.Zigawo za munthu aliyense (mafani, dampers etc.) za mpweya wabwino ziyenera kupezeka mosavuta.
• Makinawa ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chapakati pa mapaipi ndi ma ducts, komwe akudutsa ndi zina. • Malo oyesera a magawo ofunikira aphatikizidwe.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi kukonza ayenera kukonzedwa panthawi yomanga ndikumalizidwa panthawi yomanga.

Onani zokambirana, ziwerengero, ndi mbiri ya olemba za chofalitsachi pa: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313573886
Kupititsa patsogolo machitidwe abwino a makina olowera mpweya wabwino
Olemba, kuphatikiza:Peter Wouters, Pierre Barles, Christophe Delmotte, Åke Blomsterberg
Ena mwa omwe adalemba bukuli akugwiranso ntchito zokhudzana ndi izi:
Kupanda mpweya kwa nyumba
KUKHALA KWAKHALIDWE: FCT PTDC/ENR/73657/2006